Numbers · Catholic Public Domain Version
Numbers 3 Catholic Public Domain Version
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
Notes on this text (3)
- Esther and Daniel are the Vulgate books (Esther 1–16 with the Greek additions as chapters 10:4–16; Daniel 1–14 with the Song of the Three, Susanna and Bel). Baruch 6 is the Letter of Jeremiah.
- The translator's footnotes, cross-references, chapter summaries and book introductions in the CrossWire module are not shown.
- No imprimatur; single translator.
CPDV Catholic Public Domain Version
RV1909 Reina-Valera 1909
WEB World English Bible (Classic, with Deuterocanon)
1 These are the generations of Aaron and Moses, in the day when the Lord spoke to Moses on mount Sinai.
1 Y ESTAS son las generaciones de Aarón y de Moisés, desde que Jehová habló á Moisés en el monte de Sinaí.
1 Now this is the history of the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that Yahweh spoke with Moses in Mount Sinai.
2 And these are the names of the sons of Aaron: his firstborn Nadab, then Abihu, and Eleazar, and Ithamar.
2 Y estos son los nombres de los hijos de Aarón: Nadab el primogénito, y Abiú, Eleazar, é Ithamar.
2 These are the names of the sons of Aaron: Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests who were anointed and whose hands were filled and consecrated in order to exercise the priesthood.
3 Estos son los nombres de los hijos de Aarón, sacerdotes ungidos; cuyas manos él hinchió para administrar el sacerdocio.
3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests who were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest’s office.
4 For Nadab and Abihu died without children, when they offered, in the sight of the Lord, a strange fire, in the desert of Sinai. And so, Eleazar and Ithamar exercised the priesthood in the sight of Aaron, their father.
4 Mas Nadab y Abiú murieron delante de Jehová, cuando ofrecieron fuego extraño delante de Jehová, en el desierto de Sinaí: y no tuvieron hijos: y Eleazar é Ithamar ejercieron el sacerdocio delante de Aarón su padre.
4 Nadab and Abihu died before Yahweh when they offered strange fire before Yahweh in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children. Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest’s office in the presence of Aaron their father.
5 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
5 Y Jehová habló á Moisés, diciendo:
5 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
6 “Bring forward the tribe of Levi, and cause them to stand in the sight of Aaron the priest, in order to minister to him. And let them keep watch outside,
6 Haz llegar á la tribu de Leví, y hazla estar delante del sacerdote Aarón, para que le ministren;
6 “Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister to him.
7 and let them observe whatever pertains to the ritual for the multitude, in front of the tabernacle of the testimony,
7 Y desempeñen su cargo, y el cargo de toda la congregación delante del tabernáculo del testimonio, para servir en el ministerio del tabernáculo;
7 They shall keep his requirements, and the requirements of the whole congregation before the Tent of Meeting, to do the service of the tabernacle.
8 and let them take care of the vessels of the tabernacle, serving in its ministry.
8 Y guarden todas las alhajas del tabernáculo del testimonio, y lo encargado [á ellos] de los hijos de Israel, y ministren en el servicio del tabernáculo.
8 They shall keep all the furnishings of the Tent of Meeting, and the obligations of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.
9 And you shall give the Levites as a gift to Aaron and his sons; for they have been delivered to them by the sons of Israel.
9 Y darás los Levitas á Aarón y á sus hijos: le son enteramente dados de entre los hijos de Israel.
9 You shall give the Levites to Aaron and to his sons. They are wholly given to him on the behalf of the children of Israel.
10 But you shall appoint Aaron and his sons over the service of the priesthood. The outsider who approaches to minister shall be put to death.”
10 Y constituirás á Aarón y á sus hijos, para que ejerzan su sacerdocio: y el extraño que se llegare, morirá.
10 You shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall keep their priesthood, but the stranger who comes near shall be put to death.”
11 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
11 Y habló Jehová á Moisés, diciendo:
11 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
12 “I have taken the Levites from the sons of Israel. For the Levites, and all the firstborn who open the womb among the sons of Israel, shall be mine.
12 Y he aquí yo he tomado los Levitas de entre los hijos de Israel en lugar de todos los primogénitos que abren la matriz entre los hijos de Israel; serán pues míos los Levitas:
12 “Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn who open the womb among the children of Israel; and the Levites shall be mine,
13 For every firstborn is mine. From the time that I struck the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I have sanctified for myself whatever is born first in Israel. From man, even to beast, they are mine. I am the Lord.”
13 Porque mío es todo primogénito; desde el día que yo maté todos los primogénitos en la tierra de Egipto, yo santifiqué á mí todos los primogénitos en Israel, así de hombres como de animales: míos serán: Yo Jehová.
13 for all the firstborn are mine. On the day that I struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I made holy to me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and animal. They shall be mine. I am Yahweh.”
14 And the Lord spoke to Moses in the desert of Sinai, saying:
14 Y Jehová habló á Moisés en el desierto de Sinaí, diciendo:
14 Yahweh spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
15 “Number the sons of Levi by the houses of their fathers and their families, every male from one month and above.”
15 Cuenta los hijos de Leví por las casas de sus padres, por sus familias: contarás todos los varones de un mes arriba.
15 “Count the children of Levi by their fathers’ houses, by their families. You shall count every male from a month old and upward.”
16 Moses numbered them, just as the Lord had instructed,
16 Y Moisés los contó conforme á la palabra de Jehová, como le fué mandado.
16 Moses counted them according to Yahweh’s word, as he was commanded.
17 and there were found the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon and Kohath and Merari.
17 Y los hijos de Leví fueron estos por sus nombres: Gersón, y Coath, y Merari.
17 These were the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.
18 The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei.
18 Y los nombres de los hijos de Gersón, por sus familias, estos: Libni, y Simei.
18 These are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families: Libni and Shimei.
19 The sons of Kohath: Amram, and Izhar, Hebron and Uzziel.
19 Y los hijos de Coath, por sus familias: Amram, é Izhar, y Hebrón, y Uzziel.
19 The sons of Kohath by their families: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
20 The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi.
20 Y los hijos de Merari, por sus familias: Mahali, y Musi. Estas, las familias de Leví, por las casas de sus padres.
20 The sons of Merari by their families: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their fathers’ houses.
21 From Gershon were two families: the Libnites, and the Shimeites.
21 De Gersón, la familia de Libni y la de Simei: estas son las familias de Gersón.
21 Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimeites. These are the families of the Gershonites.
22 The people of these were numbered, of the male sex, from one month and above: seven thousand five hundred.
22 Los contados de ellos conforme á la cuenta de todos los varones de un mes arriba, los contados de ellos, siete mil y quinientos.
22 Those who were counted of them, according to the number of all the males from a month old and upward, even those who were counted of them were seven thousand five hundred.
23 These shall encamp behind the tabernacle, toward the west,
23 Las familias de Gersón asentarán sus tiendas á espaldas del tabernáculo, al occidente;
23 The families of the Gershonites shall encamp behind the tabernacle westward.
24 under the leader Eliasaph the son of Lael.
24 Y el jefe de la casa del padre de los Gersonitas, Eliasaph hijo de Lael.
24 Eliasaph the son of Lael shall be the prince of the fathers’ house of the Gershonites.
25 And they shall keep watch over the tabernacle of the covenant:
25 A cargo de los hijos de Gersón, en el tabernáculo del testimonio, estará el tabernáculo, y la tienda, y su cubierta, y el pabellón de la puerta del tabernáculo del testimonio,
25 The duty of the sons of Gershon in the Tent of Meeting shall be the tabernacle, the tent, its covering, the screen for the door of the Tent of Meeting,
26 the tabernacle itself, and its covering; the tent that is drawn before the doors of the covering of the covenant; and the curtains of the atrium; likewise, the tent that is suspended at the entrance of the atrium of the tabernacle; and whatever pertains to the ritual of the altar; the cords of the tabernacle and all its implements.
26 Y las cortinas del atrio, y el pabellón de la puerta del atrio, que está junto al tabernáculo y junto al altar alrededor; asimismo sus cuerdas para todo su servicio.
26 the hangings of the court, the screen for the door of the court which is by the tabernacle and around the altar, and its cords for all of its service.
27 The kinship of Kohath includes the peoples of the Amramites and Izharites and Hebronites and Uzzielites. These are the families of the Kohathites, having been counted by their names,
27 Y de Coath, la familia Amramítica, y la familia Izeharítica, y la familia Hebronítica, y la familia Ozielítica: estas son las familias Coathitas.
27 Of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, the family of the Izharites, the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites. These are the families of the Kohathites.
28 all those of the male gender, from one month and above: eight thousand six hundred. They shall keep watch over the Sanctuary,
28 Por la cuenta de todos los varones de un mes arriba, eran ocho mil y seiscientos, que tenían la guarda del santuario.
28 According to the number of all the males from a month old and upward, there were eight thousand six hundred keeping the requirements of the sanctuary.
29 and they shall encamp toward the south side.
29 Las familias de los hijos de Coath acamparán al lado del tabernáculo, al mediodía;
29 The families of the sons of Kohath shall encamp on the south side of the tabernacle.
30 And their leader shall be Elisaphan the son of Uzziel.
30 Y el jefe de la casa del padre de las familias de Coath, Elisaphán hijo de Uzziel.
30 The prince of the fathers’ house of the families of the Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.
31 And they shall take care of the ark, and the table and the lampstand, the altars and the vessels of the Sanctuary, by which they minister, and the veil, and all the articles of this kind.
31 Y á cargo de ellos estará el arca, y la mesa, y el candelero, y los altares, y los vasos del santuario con que ministran, y el velo, con todo su servicio.
31 Their duty shall be the ark, the table, the lamp stand, the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which they minister, the screen, and all its service.
32 But the leader of the leaders of the Levites, Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest, shall be over those who watch over the care of the Sanctuary.
32 Y el principal de los jefes de los Levitas será Eleazar, hijo de Aarón el sacerdote, prepósito de los que tienen la guarda del santuario.
32 Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, with the oversight of those who keep the requirements of the sanctuary.
33 And truly, from Merari are the peoples of the Mahlites and Mushites, having been counted by their names,
33 De Merari, la familia Mahalítica, y la familia Musítica: estas son las familias de Merari.
33 Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites and the family of the Mushites. These are the families of Merari.
34 all those of the male gender, from one month and above: six thousand two hundred.
34 Y los contados de ellos conforme á la cuenta de todos los varones de un mes arriba, fueron seis mil y doscientos.
34 Those who were counted of them, according to the number of all the males from a month old and upward, were six thousand two hundred.
35 Their leader is Suriel the son of Abihaiel. They shall make camp on the north side.
35 Y el jefe de la casa del padre de las familias de Merari, Suriel hijo de Abihail: acamparán al lado del tabernáculo, al aquilón.
35 The prince of the fathers’ house of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. They shall encamp on the north side of the tabernacle.
36 Under their care shall be the panels of the tabernacle, and the bars, and the columns with their bases, and all the things which pertain to service of this kind,
36 Y á cargo de los hijos de Merari estará la custodia de las tablas del tabernáculo, y sus barras, y sus columnas, y sus basas, y todos sus enseres, con todo su servicio:
36 The appointed duty of the sons of Merari shall be the tabernacle’s boards, its bars, its pillars, its sockets, all its instruments, all its service,
37 and the columns of the surrounding atrium with their bases, and the tent pegs with their cords.
37 Y las columnas en derredor del atrio, y sus basas, y sus estacas, y sus cuerdas.
37 the pillars of the court around it, their sockets, their pins, and their cords.
38 Moses and Aaron, with their sons, shall make camp before the tabernacle of the covenant, that is, on the east side, holding the custody of the Sanctuary in the midst of the sons of Israel. Whatever foreigner approaches it shall die.
38 Y los que acamparán delante del tabernáculo al oriente, delante del tabernáculo del testimonio al levante, serán Moisés, y Aarón y sus hijos, teniendo la guarda del santuario en lugar de los hijos de Israel: y el extraño que se acercare, morirá.
38 Those who encamp before the tabernacle eastward, in front of the Tent of Meeting toward the sunrise, shall be Moses, with Aaron and his sons, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary for the duty of the children of Israel. The outsider who comes near shall be put to death.
39 All the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron numbered by their families according to the precept of the Lord, of the male gender, from one month and above, were twenty-two thousand.
39 Todos los contados de los Levitas, que Moisés y Aarón conforme á la palabra de Jehová contaron por sus familias, todos los varones de un mes arriba, fueron veinte y dos mil.
39 All who were counted of the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron counted at the commandment of Yahweh, by their families, all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty-two thousand.
40 And the Lord said to Moses: “Number the firstborn of the male sex from the sons of Israel, from one month and above, and you shall take their total.
40 Y Jehová dijo á Moisés: Cuenta todos los primogénitos varones de los hijos de Israel de un mes arriba, y toma la cuenta de los nombres de ellos.
40 Yahweh said to Moses, “Count all the firstborn males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names.
41 And you shall bring the Levites to me, in place of all the firstborn of the sons of Israel, and you shall bring their cattle to me, in place of all the firstborn of the cattle of the sons of Israel. I am the Lord.”
41 Y tomarás los Levitas para mí, yo Jehová, en lugar de todos los primogénitos de los hijos de Israel: y los animales de los Levitas en lugar de todos los primogénitos de los animales de los hijos de Israel.
41 You shall take the Levites for me—I am Yahweh—instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the livestock of the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the livestock of the children of Israel.”
42 Moses took a census, just as the Lord had instructed, of the firstborn of the sons of Israel.
42 Y contó Moisés, como Jehová le mandó, todos los primogénitos de los hijos de Israel.
42 Moses counted, as Yahweh commanded him, all the firstborn among the children of Israel.
43 And the males by their names, from one month and above, were twenty-two thousand two hundred seventy-three.
43 Y todos los primogénitos varones, conforme á la cuenta de los nombres, de un mes arriba, los contados de ellos fueron veinte y dos mil doscientos setenta y tres.
43 All the firstborn males according to the number of names from a month old and upward, of those who were counted of them, were twenty-two thousand two hundred seventy-three.
44 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying:
44 Y habló Jehová á Moisés, diciendo:
44 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,
45 “Take the Levites, in place of the firstborn of the sons of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites, in place of their cattle, and so the Levites shall be mine. I am the Lord.
45 Toma los Levitas en lugar de todos los primogénitos de los hijos de Israel, y los animales de los Levitas en lugar de sus animales; y los Levitas serán míos: Yo Jehová.
45 “Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the livestock of the Levites instead of their livestock; and the Levites shall be mine. I am Yahweh.
46 But for the price of the two hundred and seventy-three, which exceed the number of the Levites compared to the number of firstborn of the sons of Israel,
46 Y por los rescates de los doscientos y setenta y tres, que sobrepujan á los Levitas los primogénitos de los hijos de Israel,
46 For the redemption of the two hundred seventy-three of the firstborn of the children of Israel who exceed the number of the Levites,
47 you shall take five shekels for each head, by the measure of the Sanctuary. A shekel has twenty obols.
47 Tomarás cinco siclos por cabeza; conforme al siclo del santuario tomarás: el siclo tiene veinte óbolos:
47 you shall take five shekels apiece for each one; according to the shekel of the sanctuary you shall take them (the shekel is twenty gerahs);
48 And you shall give the money to Aaron and his sons as the price of those that are in excess.”
48 Y darás á Aarón y á sus hijos el dinero por los rescates de los que de ellos sobran.
48 and you shall give the money, with which their remainder is redeemed, to Aaron and to his sons.”
49 Therefore, Moses took the money for those that were in excess, and whom they had redeemed from the Levites
49 Tomó, pues, Moisés el dinero del rescate de los que resultaron de más de los redimidos por los Levitas:
49 Moses took the redemption money from those who exceeded the number of those who were redeemed by the Levites;
50 in place of the firstborn of the sons of Israel: one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, according to the weight of the Sanctuary.
50 Y recibió de los primogénitos de los hijos de Israel en dinero, mil trescientos sesenta y cinco [siclos], conforme al siclo del santuario.
50 from the firstborn of the children of Israel he took the money, one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary;
51 And he gave it to Aaron and his sons, according to the word by which the Lord had instructed him.
51 Y Moisés dió el dinero de los rescates á Aarón y á sus hijos, conforme al dicho de Jehová, según que Jehová había mandado á Moisés.
51 and Moses gave the redemption money to Aaron and to his sons, according to Yahweh’s word, as Yahweh commanded Moses.
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
Eliasaph
The son of Lael, named as the leader of the families of the Gershonites who camped on the west side of the tabernacle.
Cited in the guide: Numbers 3:24
Gershon
A son of Levi whose clan was charged with carrying the tabernacle's curtains and coverings.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 46:11; Numbers 3:25-26
Hebron
Kohath's third-listed son and the founder of the Hebronite clan of the Kohathite Levites.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 6:18; Numbers 3:19; 1 Chronicles 6:2
Izhar
Kohath's second-listed son and the father of Korah, Nepheg and Zichri, whose descendants were the Izharite clan.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 6:18; Exodus 6:21; Numbers 3:19
Lael
The father of Eliasaph, who was the leader of the families of the Gershonites.
Cited in the guide: Numbers 3:24
Libni
Gershon's first-listed son and the founder of the Libnite clan of the Gershonite Levites.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 6:17; Numbers 3:18; 1 Chronicles 6:17
Mahli
Merari's first-listed son and the founder of the Mahlite clan of the Merarite Levites.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 6:19; Numbers 3:20; 1 Chronicles 6:19
Merari
A son of Levi whose clan carried the tabernacle's frames, bars, pillars, and bases.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 46:11; Numbers 3:36-37
Moses
Drawn from the Nile, he led Israel out of Egypt and received God's Law.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 2–Deuteronomy 34
Mushi
Merari's second-listed son and the founder of the Mushite clan of the Merarite Levites.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 6:19; Numbers 3:20; 1 Chronicles 6:19
Shimei
Gershon's second-listed son and the founder of the Shimeite clan of the Gershonite Levites.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 6:17; Numbers 3:18; 1 Chronicles 6:17
Cross references (40)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 Exodus 6:20; Matthew 1:1; Genesis 10:1; Leviticus 25:1; Genesis 2:4
- 2 Exodus 6:23; Numbers 26:60; 1 Chronicles 24:1; Exodus 28:1; 1 Chronicles 6:3
- 3 Exodus 28:41; Leviticus 8:12; Leviticus 8:30; Leviticus 8:1–9; Exodus 40:13
- 4 Leviticus 10:1–2; Numbers 26:61
- 6 Exodus 32:26–29; Malachi 2:4; Numbers 8:6–26; Numbers 18:1–7; Numbers 1:49–53
- 7 Numbers 1:50; Numbers 8:11; Numbers 8:15; Numbers 31:30; 1 Chronicles 26:26
- 8 Numbers 4:15; Isaiah 52:11; Ezra 8:24–30; Numbers 4:28; Numbers 10:21
- 9 Numbers 8:19; Numbers 18:6–7; Ephesians 4:11; Ephesians 4:8
- 10 Numbers 1:51; Numbers 3:38; Romans 12:7; Numbers 18:7; 2 Chronicles 26:16–21
- 12 Numbers 18:6; Numbers 8:16; Numbers 3:41; Exodus 13:2; Numbers 3:45
- 13 Luke 2:23; Exodus 13:12; Exodus 13:2; Exodus 13:15; Leviticus 27:26
- 15 Numbers 26:62; Mark 10:14; 2 Timothy 3:15; Numbers 3:39–40; Numbers 3:22
- 16 Numbers 4:37; Numbers 3:39; Deuteronomy 21:5; Numbers 4:45; Numbers 4:41
- 17 Genesis 46:11; Exodus 6:16–19; Nehemiah 11:1–12; Joshua 21:1–45; Numbers 26:57–58
- 18 Exodus 6:17–19; 1 Chronicles 6:17; Nehemiah 12:1–26; Numbers 3:21; 1 Chronicles 25:4
- 19 Exodus 6:18; 1 Chronicles 6:18; 1 Chronicles 15:17–21; 1 Chronicles 25:4; 1 Chronicles 15:5
- 20 Exodus 6:19; 1 Chronicles 6:19; 1 Chronicles 15:6; Numbers 3:33; 1 Chronicles 25:3
- 22 Numbers 4:38–40
- 23 Numbers 1:53; Numbers 2:17
- 25 Exodus 25:9; Exodus 26:36–37; Numbers 7:7; Exodus 36:37–38; Exodus 26:1–14
- 26 Exodus 35:18; Exodus 38:9–16; Exodus 27:9–16
- 27 1 Chronicles 26:23; 1 Chronicles 23:12; Numbers 3:19
- 28 Numbers 3:7; Numbers 3:31; Numbers 4:35–36
- 29 Numbers 1:53; Numbers 2:10; Numbers 3:23
- 31 Exodus 30:1–10; Numbers 4:4–16; Exodus 39:33–42; Exodus 25:10–40; Exodus 40:30
- 32 1 Chronicles 9:14–20; Numbers 4:27; Numbers 4:16; Numbers 20:25–28; 1 Chronicles 26:20–24
- 33 1 Chronicles 23:21; Numbers 3:20; 1 Chronicles 6:19
- 34 Numbers 2:9; Numbers 2:11; Numbers 1:21
- 35 Numbers 1:53; Numbers 2:25; Numbers 3:28–29
- 36 Exodus 26:37; Exodus 26:15–29; Exodus 26:32; Numbers 7:8; Exodus 38:17–20
- 38 Numbers 1:53; Numbers 3:10; Numbers 2:3; Numbers 3:23; Numbers 18:1–5
- 39 Numbers 26:62; Matthew 7:14; Numbers 4:47–48
- 40 Numbers 3:15; Isaiah 4:3; Revelation 14:4; Hebrews 12:23; Numbers 3:12
- 41 Numbers 3:12; Numbers 3:45; Numbers 18:15; Matthew 20:28; Exodus 32:26–29
- 43 Numbers 3:39
- 45 Numbers 3:12; Numbers 3:40–41
- 46 Exodus 13:13; Numbers 18:15–16
- 47 Leviticus 27:6; Exodus 30:13; Numbers 18:16; Leviticus 27:25; Ezekiel 45:12
- 50 Numbers 3:46–47; Matthew 20:28; 1 Peter 1:18; 1 Timothy 2:5–6; Titus 2:14
- 51 Numbers 3:48; Numbers 16:15; 1 Samuel 12:3–4; Malachi 4:4; 1 Peter 5:2
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences