Leviticus · Majority Standard Bible
Leviticus 25 Majority Standard Bible
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
MSB Majority Standard Bible
RV1909 Reina-Valera 1909
WEB World English Bible (Classic, with Deuterocanon)
1 Then the LORD said to Moses on Mount Sinai,
1 Y JEHOVÁ habló á Moisés en el monte de Sinaí, diciendo:
1 Yahweh said to Moses on Mount Sinai,
2 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you enter the land that I am giving you, the land itself must observe a Sabbath to the LORD.
2 Habla á los hijos de Israel, y diles: Cuando hubiereis entrado en la tierra que yo os doy, la tierra hará sábado á Jehová.
2 “Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them, ‘When you come into the land which I give you, then the land shall keep a Sabbath to Yahweh.
3 For six years you may sow your field and prune your vineyard and gather its crops.
3 Seis años sembrarás tu tierra, y seis años podarás tu viña, y cogerás sus frutos;
3 You shall sow your field six years, and you shall prune your vineyard six years, and gather in its fruits;
4 But in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of complete rest for the land—a Sabbath to the LORD. You are not to sow your field or prune your vineyard.
4 Y el séptimo año la tierra tendrá sábado de holganza, sábado á Jehová: no sembrarás tu tierra, ni podarás tu viña.
4 but in the seventh year there shall be a Sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a Sabbath to Yahweh. You shall not sow your field or prune your vineyard.
5 You are not to reap the aftergrowth of your harvest or gather the grapes of your untended vines. The land must have a year of complete rest.
5 Lo que de suyo se naciere en tu [tierra] segada, no lo segarás; y las uvas de tu viñedo no vendimiarás: año de holganza será á la tierra.
5 What grows of itself in your harvest you shall not reap, and you shall not gather the grapes of your undressed vine. It shall be a year of solemn rest for the land.
6 Whatever the land yields during the Sabbath year shall be food for you—for yourself, your manservant and maidservant, the hired hand or foreigner who stays with you,
6 Mas el sábado de la tierra os será para comer á ti, y á tu siervo, y á tu sierva, y á tu criado, y á tu extranjero que morare contigo:
6 The Sabbath of the land shall be for food for you; for yourself, for your servant, for your maid, for your hired servant, and for your stranger, who lives as a foreigner with you.
7 and for your livestock and the wild animals in your land. All its growth may serve as food.
7 Y á tu animal, y á la bestia que hubiere en tu tierra, será todo el fruto de ella para comer.
7 For your livestock also, and for the animals that are in your land, shall all its increase be for food.
8 And you shall count off seven Sabbaths of years—seven times seven years—so that the seven Sabbaths of years amount to forty-nine years.
8 Y te has de contar siete semanas de años, siete veces siete años; de modo que los días de las siete semanas de años vendrán á serte cuarenta y nueve años.
8 “‘You shall count off seven Sabbaths of years, seven times seven years; and there shall be to you the days of seven Sabbaths of years, even forty-nine years.
9 Then you are to sound the horn far and wide on the tenth day of the seventh month, the Day of Atonement. You shall sound it throughout your land.
9 Entonces harás pasar la trompeta de jubilación en el mes séptimo á los diez del mes; el día de la expiación haréis pasar la trompeta por toda vuestra tierra.
9 Then you shall sound the loud trumpet on the tenth day of the seventh month. On the Day of Atonement you shall sound the trumpet throughout all your land.
10 So you are to consecrate the fiftieth year and proclaim liberty in the land for all its inhabitants. It shall be your Jubilee, when each of you is to return to his property and to his clan.
10 Y santificaréis el año cincuenta, y pregonaréis libertad en la tierra á todos sus moradores: éste os será jubileo; y volveréis cada uno á su posesión, y cada cual volverá á su familia.
10 You shall make the fiftieth year holy, and proclaim liberty throughout the land to all its inhabitants. It shall be a jubilee to you; and each of you shall return to his own property, and each of you shall return to his family.
11 The fiftieth year will be a Jubilee for you; you are not to sow the land or reap its aftergrowth or harvest the untended vines.
11 El año de los cincuenta años os será jubileo: no sembraréis, ni segaréis lo que naciere de suyo en la tierra, ni vendimiaréis sus viñedos:
11 That fiftieth year shall be a jubilee to you. In it you shall not sow, neither reap that which grows of itself, nor gather from the undressed vines.
12 For it is a Jubilee; it shall be holy to you. You may eat only the crops taken directly from the field.
12 Porque es jubileo: santo será á vosotros; el producto de la tierra comeréis.
12 For it is a jubilee; it shall be holy to you. You shall eat of its increase out of the field.
13 In this Year of Jubilee, each of you shall return to his own property.
13 En este año de jubileo volveréis cada uno á su posesión.
13 “‘In this Year of Jubilee each of you shall return to his property.
14 If you make a sale to your neighbor or a purchase from him, you must not take advantage of each other.
14 Y cuando vendiereis algo á vuestro prójimo, ó comprareis de mano de vuestro prójimo, no engañe ninguno á su hermano:
14 “‘If you sell anything to your neighbor, or buy from your neighbor, you shall not wrong one another.
15 You are to buy from your neighbor according to the number of years since the last Jubilee; he is to sell to you according to the number of harvest years remaining.
15 Conforme al número de los años después del jubileo comprarás de tu prójimo; conforme al número de los años de los frutos te venderá él á ti.
15 According to the number of years after the Jubilee you shall buy from your neighbor. According to the number of years of the crops he shall sell to you.
16 You shall increase the price in proportion to a greater number of years, or decrease it in proportion to a lesser number of years; for he is selling you a given number of harvests.
16 Conforme á la multitud de los años aumentarás el precio, y conforme á la disminución de los años disminuirás el precio; porque según el número de los rendimientos te ha de vender él.
16 According to the length of the years you shall increase its price, and according to the shortness of the years you shall diminish its price; for he is selling the number of the crops to you.
17 Do not take advantage of each other, but fear your God; for I am the LORD your God.
17 Y no engañe ninguno á su prójimo; mas tendrás temor de tu Dios: porque yo soy Jehová vuestro Dios.
17 You shall not wrong one another, but you shall fear your God; for I am Yahweh your God.
18 You are to keep My statutes and carefully observe My judgments, so that you may dwell securely in the land.
18 Ejecutad, pues, mis estatutos, y guardad mis derechos, y ponedlos por obra, y habitaréis en la tierra seguros;
18 “‘Therefore you shall do my statutes, and keep my ordinances and do them; and you shall dwell in the land in safety.
19 Then the land will yield its fruit, so that you can eat your fill and dwell in safety in the land.
19 Y la tierra dará su fruto, y comeréis hasta hartura, y habitaréis en ella con seguridad.
19 The land shall yield its fruit, and you shall eat your fill, and dwell therein in safety.
20 Now you may wonder, ‘What will we eat in the seventh year if we do not sow or gather our produce?’
20 Y si dijereis: ¿Qué comeremos el séptimo año? he aquí no hemos de sembrar, ni hemos de coger nuestros frutos:
20 If you said, “What shall we eat the seventh year? Behold, we shall not sow, nor gather in our increase;”
21 But I will send My blessing upon you in the sixth year, so that the land will yield a crop sufficient for three years.
21 Entonces yo os enviaré mi bendición el sexto año, y hará fruto por tres años.
21 then I will command my blessing on you in the sixth year, and it shall bear fruit for the three years.
22 While you are sowing in the eighth year, you will be eating from the previous harvest, until the ninth year’s harvest comes in.
22 Y sembraréis el año octavo, y comeréis del fruto añejo; hasta el año noveno, hasta que venga su fruto comeréis del añejo.
22 You shall sow the eighth year, and eat of the fruits from the old store until the ninth year. Until its fruits come in, you shall eat the old store.
23 The land must not be sold permanently, because it is Mine, and you are but foreigners and residents with Me.
23 Y la tierra no se venderá rematadamente, porque la tierra mía es; que vosotros peregrinos y extranjeros sois para conmigo.
23 “‘The land shall not be sold in perpetuity, for the land is mine; for you are strangers and live as foreigners with me.
24 Thus for every piece of property you possess, you must provide for the redemption of the land.
24 Por tanto, en toda la tierra de vuestra posesión, otorgaréis redención á la tierra.
24 In all the land of your possession you shall grant a redemption for the land.
25 If your brother becomes impoverished and sells some of his property, his nearest of kin may come and redeem what his brother has sold.
25 Cuando tu hermano empobreciere, y vendiere algo de su posesión, vendrá el rescatador, su cercano, y rescatará lo que su hermano hubiere vendido.
25 “‘If your brother becomes poor, and sells some of his possessions, then his kinsman who is next to him shall come, and redeem that which his brother has sold.
26 Or if a man has no one to redeem it for him, but he prospers and acquires enough to redeem his land,
26 Y cuando el hombre no tuviere rescatador, si alcanzare su mano, y hallare lo que basta para su rescate;
26 If a man has no one to redeem it, and he becomes prosperous and finds sufficient means to redeem it,
27 he shall calculate the years since its sale, repay the balance to the man to whom he sold it, and return to his property.
27 Entonces contará los años de su venta, y pagará lo que quedare al varón á quien vendió, y volverá á su posesión.
27 then let him reckon the years since its sale, and restore the surplus to the man to whom he sold it; and he shall return to his property.
28 But if he cannot obtain enough to repay him, what he sold will remain in possession of the buyer until the Year of Jubilee. In the Jubilee, however, it is to be released, so that he may return to his property.
28 Mas si no alcanzare su mano lo que basta para que vuelva á él, lo que vendió estará en poder del que lo compró hasta el año del jubileo; y al jubileo saldrá, y él volverá á su posesión.
28 But if he isn’t able to get it back for himself, then what he has sold shall remain in the hand of him who has bought it until the Year of Jubilee. In the Jubilee it shall be released, and he shall return to his property.
29 If a man sells a house in a walled city, he retains his right of redemption until a full year after its sale; during that year it may be redeemed.
29 Y el varón que vendiere casa de morada en ciudad cercada, tendrá facultad de redimirla hasta acabarse el año de su venta: un año será el término de poderse redimir.
29 “‘If a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem it within a whole year after it has been sold. For a full year he shall have the right of redemption.
30 If it is not redeemed by the end of a full year, then the house in the walled city is permanently transferred to its buyer and his descendants. It is not to be released in the Jubilee.
30 Y si no fuere redimida dentro de un año entero, la casa que estuviere en la ciudad murada quedará para siempre por de aquel que la compró, [y] para sus descendientes: no saldrá en el jubileo.
30 If it isn’t redeemed within the space of a full year, then the house that is in the walled city shall be made sure in perpetuity to him who bought it, throughout his generations. It shall not be released in the Jubilee.
31 But houses in villages with no walls around them are to be considered as open fields. They may be redeemed, and they shall be released in the Jubilee.
31 Mas las casas de las aldeas que no tienen muro alrededor, serán estimadas como una haza de tierra: tendrán redención, y saldrán en el jubileo.
31 But the houses of the villages which have no wall around them shall be accounted for with the fields of the country: they may be redeemed, and they shall be released in the Jubilee.
32 As for the cities of the Levites, the Levites always have the right to redeem their houses in the cities they possess.
32 Pero en cuanto á las ciudades de los Levitas, siempre podrán redimir los Levitas las casas de las ciudades que poseyeren.
32 “‘Nevertheless, in the cities of the Levites, the Levites may redeem the houses in the cities of their possession at any time.
33 So whatever belongs to the Levites may be redeemed—a house sold in a city they possess—and must be released in the Jubilee, because the houses in the cities of the Levites are their possession among the Israelites.
33 Y el que comprare de los Levitas, saldrá de la casa vendida, ó de la ciudad de su posesión, en el jubileo: por cuanto las casas de las ciudades de los Levitas es la posesión de ellos entre los hijos de Israel.
33 The Levites may redeem the house that was sold, and the city of his possession, and it shall be released in the Jubilee; for the houses of the cities of the Levites are their possession among the children of Israel.
34 But the open pastureland around their cities may not be sold, for this is their permanent possession.
34 Mas la tierra del ejido de sus ciudades no se venderá, porque es perpetua posesión de ellos.
34 But the field of the pasture lands of their cities may not be sold, for it is their perpetual possession.
35 Now if your countryman becomes destitute and cannot support himself among you, then you are to help him as you would a foreigner or stranger, so that he can continue to live among you.
35 Y cuando tu hermano empobreciere, y se acogiere á ti, tú lo ampararás: como peregrino y extranjero vivirá contigo.
35 “‘If your brother has become poor, and his hand can’t support himself among you, then you shall uphold him. He shall live with you like an alien and a temporary resident.
36 Do not take any interest or profit from him, but fear your God, that your countryman may live among you.
36 No tomarás usura de él, ni aumento; mas tendrás temor de tu Dios, y tu hermano vivirá contigo.
36 Take no interest from him or profit; but fear your God, that your brother may live among you.
37 You must not lend him your silver at interest or sell him your food for profit.
37 No le darás tu dinero á usura, ni tu vitualla á ganancia:
37 You shall not lend him your money at interest, nor give him your food for profit.
38 I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan and to be your God.
38 Yo Jehová vuestro Dios, que os saqué de la tierra de Egipto, para daros la tierra de Canaán, para ser vuestro Dios.
38 I am Yahweh your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan, and to be your God.
39 If a countryman among you becomes destitute and sells himself to you, then you must not force him into slave labor.
39 Y cuando tu hermano empobreciere, estando contigo, y se vendiere á ti, no le harás servir como siervo:
39 “‘If your brother has grown poor among you, and sells himself to you, you shall not make him to serve as a slave.
40 Let him stay with you as a hired worker or temporary resident; he is to work for you until the Year of Jubilee.
40 Como criado, como extranjero estará contigo; hasta el año del jubileo te servirá.
40 As a hired servant, and as a temporary resident, he shall be with you; he shall serve with you until the Year of Jubilee.
41 Then he and his children are to be released, and he may return to his clan and to the property of his fathers.
41 Entonces saldrá de contigo, él y sus hijos consigo, y volverá á su familia, y á la posesión de sus padres se restituirá.
41 Then he shall go out from you, he and his children with him, and shall return to his own family, and to the possession of his fathers.
42 Because the Israelites are My servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt, they are not to be sold as slaves.
42 Porque son mis siervos, los cuales saqué yo de la tierra de Egipto: no serán vendidos á manera de siervos.
42 For they are my servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. They shall not be sold as slaves.
43 You are not to rule over them harshly, but you shall fear your God.
43 No te enseñorearás de él con dureza, mas tendrás temor de tu Dios.
43 You shall not rule over him with harshness, but shall fear your God.
44 Your menservants and maidservants shall come from the nations around you, from whom you may purchase them.
44 Así tu siervo como tu sierva que tuvieres, serán de las gentes que están en vuestro alrededor: de ellos compraréis siervos y siervas.
44 “‘As for your male and your female slaves, whom you may have from the nations that are around you, from them you may buy male and female slaves.
45 You may also purchase them from the foreigners residing among you or their clans living among you who are born in your land. These may become your property.
45 También compraréis de los hijos de los forasteros que viven entre vosotros, y de los que del linaje de ellos son nacidos en vuestra tierra, que están con vosotros; los cuales tendréis por posesión:
45 Moreover, of the children of the aliens who live among you, of them you may buy, and of their families who are with you, which they have conceived in your land; and they will be your property.
46 You may leave them to your sons after you to inherit as property; you can make them slaves for life. But as for your brothers, the Israelites, no man may rule harshly over his brother.
46 Y los poseeréis por juro de heredad para vuestros hijos después de vosotros, como posesión hereditaria; para siempre os serviréis de ellos; empero en vuestros hermanos los hijos de Israel, no os enseñorearéis cada uno sobre su hermano con dureza.
46 You may make them an inheritance for your children after you, to hold for a possession. Of them you may take your slaves forever, but over your brothers the children of Israel you shall not rule, one over another, with harshness.
47 If a foreigner residing among you prospers, but your countryman dwelling near him becomes destitute and sells himself to the foreigner or to a member of his clan,
47 Y si el peregrino ó extranjero que está contigo, adquiriese medios, y tu hermano que está con él empobreciere, y se vendiere al peregrino ó extranjero que está contigo, ó á la raza de la familia del extranjero;
47 “‘If an alien or temporary resident with you becomes rich, and your brother beside him has grown poor, and sells himself to the stranger or foreigner living among you, or to a member of the stranger’s family,
48 he retains the right of redemption after he has sold himself. One of his brothers may redeem him:
48 Después que se hubiere vendido, podrá ser rescatado: uno de sus hermanos lo rescatará;
48 after he is sold he may be redeemed. One of his brothers may redeem him;
49 either his uncle or cousin or any close relative from his clan may redeem him. Or if he prospers, he may redeem himself.
49 O su tío, ó el hijo de su tío lo rescatará, ó el cercano de su carne, de su linaje, lo rescatará; ó si sus medios alcanzaren, él mismo se redimirá.
49 or his uncle, or his uncle’s son, may redeem him, or any who is a close relative to him of his family may redeem him; or if he has grown rich, he may redeem himself.
50 He and his purchaser will then count the time from the year he sold himself up to the Year of Jubilee. The price of his sale will be determined by the number of years, based on the daily wages of a hired hand.
50 Y contará con el que lo compró, desde el año que se vendió á él hasta el año del jubileo: y ha de apreciarse el dinero de su venta conforme al número de los años, y se hará con él conforme al tiempo de un criado asalariado.
50 He shall reckon with him who bought him from the year that he sold himself to him to the Year of Jubilee. The price of his sale shall be according to the number of years; he shall be with him according to the time of a hired servant.
51 If many years remain, he must pay for his redemption in proportion to his purchase price.
51 Si aun fueren muchos años, conforme á ellos volverá para su rescate del dinero por el cual se vendió.
51 If there are yet many years, according to them he shall give back the price of his redemption out of the money that he was bought for.
52 If only a few years remain until the Year of Jubilee, he is to calculate and pay his redemption according to his remaining years.
52 Y si quedare poco tiempo hasta el año del jubileo, entonces contará con él, y devolverá su rescate conforme á sus años.
52 If there remain but a few years to the year of jubilee, then he shall reckon with him; according to his years of service he shall give back the price of his redemption.
53 He shall be treated like a man hired from year to year, but a foreign owner must not rule over him harshly in your sight.
53 Como con tomado á salario anualmente hará con él: no se enseñoreará en él con aspereza delante de tus ojos.
53 As a servant hired year by year shall he be with him. He shall not rule with harshness over him in your sight.
54 Even if he is not redeemed in any of these ways, he and his children shall be released in the Year of Jubilee.
54 Mas si no se redimiere en esos [años], en el año del jubileo saldrá, él, y sus hijos con él.
54 If he isn’t redeemed by these means, then he shall be released in the Year of Jubilee: he and his children with him.
55 For the Israelites are My servants. They are My servants, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.
55 Porque mis siervos son los hijos de Israel; son siervos míos, á los cuales saqué de la tierra de Egipto: Yo Jehová vuestro Dios.
55 For to me the children of Israel are servants; they are my servants whom I brought out of the land of Egypt. I am Yahweh your God.
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
Moses
Drawn from the Nile, he led Israel out of Egypt and received God's Law.
Cited in the guide: Exodus 2–Deuteronomy 34
Cross references (48)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 Galatians 4:24–25; Numbers 1:1; Exodus 19:1; Numbers 10:11–12
- 2 2 Chronicles 36:21; Exodus 23:10; Leviticus 26:34–35; Isaiah 8:8; Deuteronomy 32:8
- 3 Exodus 23:10
- 4 Leviticus 25:20–23; 2 Chronicles 36:21; Exodus 23:10–11; Leviticus 26:43; Leviticus 26:34–35
- 5 2 Kings 19:29; Isaiah 37:30
- 6 Acts 4:34–35; Leviticus 25:20; Acts 4:32; Exodus 23:11; Acts 2:44
- 8 Leviticus 23:15; Genesis 2:2
- 9 Leviticus 23:24; Leviticus 23:27; Leviticus 16:30; 1 Thessalonians 1:8; Numbers 10:10
- 10 Jeremiah 34:8; Isaiah 63:4; Leviticus 25:13; 1 Peter 2:16; Isaiah 61:1–3
- 11 Leviticus 25:4–5; Leviticus 27:17
- 12 Leviticus 25:6–7
- 13 Leviticus 25:10; Leviticus 27:17–24; Numbers 36:4
- 14 Leviticus 19:13; Leviticus 25:17; Amos 5:11–12; Isaiah 58:6; Ezekiel 22:7
- 15 Leviticus 27:18–23; Philippians 4:5
- 16 Leviticus 25:27; Leviticus 25:51
- 17 Leviticus 19:32; Leviticus 19:14; Leviticus 25:43; Exodus 20:20; Leviticus 25:14
- 18 Deuteronomy 12:10; Jeremiah 23:6; Proverbs 1:33; Psalm 4:8; Leviticus 26:3–12
- 19 Psalm 85:12; Joel 2:26; Leviticus 26:5; Isaiah 65:21–22; Ezekiel 34:25–28
- 20 Leviticus 25:4; Luke 12:29; Numbers 11:13; Philippians 4:6; Matthew 8:26
- 21 Deuteronomy 28:8; Proverbs 10:22; 2 Corinthians 9:10; Psalm 133:3; Genesis 41:47
- 22 Leviticus 26:10; 2 Kings 19:29; Isaiah 37:30; Joshua 5:11–12
- 23 1 Peter 2:11; Ezekiel 48:14; Psalm 24:1; Psalm 39:12; 1 Chronicles 29:15
- 24 Leviticus 25:51–53; Leviticus 25:27; Ephesians 1:14; Leviticus 25:31; Ephesians 4:30
- 25 Ruth 2:20; Jeremiah 32:7–8; Ruth 3:9; Ruth 3:12; 2 Corinthians 8:9
- 26 Leviticus 5:7
- 28 1 Thessalonians 4:13–18; Jeremiah 32:15; Leviticus 25:10; Isaiah 35:9–10; 1 Corinthians 15:52–54
- 31 Psalm 49:7–8
- 32 Numbers 35:1–8; Joshua 21:1–45
- 33 Numbers 18:20–24; Deuteronomy 18:1–2
- 34 Leviticus 25:23; Acts 4:36–37; Numbers 35:2–5
- 35 Deuteronomy 15:7–8; Acts 11:29; Luke 6:35; Leviticus 19:34; Exodus 23:9
- 36 Exodus 22:25; Deuteronomy 23:19–20; Ezekiel 18:8; Ezekiel 18:13; Ezekiel 18:17
- 38 Leviticus 11:45; Numbers 15:41; Exodus 20:2; Jeremiah 31:1; Jeremiah 31:33
- 39 Exodus 21:2; 1 Kings 9:22; Leviticus 25:46; Nehemiah 5:5; 2 Kings 4:1
- 40 Exodus 21:2–3
- 41 Leviticus 25:28; Exodus 21:3; Titus 2:14; John 8:32; Romans 6:14
- 42 Leviticus 25:55; Romans 6:22; 1 Corinthians 7:21–23
- 43 Colossians 4:1; Leviticus 25:46; Exodus 1:13–14; Leviticus 25:17; Ezekiel 34:4
- 44 Exodus 12:44; Isaiah 14:1–2; Psalm 2:8–9; Revelation 2:26–27
- 45 Isaiah 56:3–6
- 46 Isaiah 14:2; Leviticus 25:43
- 47 Leviticus 25:26; 1 Samuel 2:7–8; James 2:5
- 48 Hebrews 2:11–13; Nehemiah 5:5; Leviticus 25:25; Nehemiah 5:8; Leviticus 25:35
- 49 Leviticus 25:26
- 50 Isaiah 21:16; Isaiah 16:14; Job 7:1–2; Leviticus 25:53; Leviticus 25:40
- 53 Leviticus 25:46; Leviticus 25:43
- 54 Exodus 21:2–3; Isaiah 52:3; Isaiah 49:25; Leviticus 25:40–41; Isaiah 49:9
- 55 Leviticus 25:42; Exodus 20:2; Romans 6:14; 1 Corinthians 9:21; Romans 6:17–18
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences