1 And the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun, 2 Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. 3 The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him from the daughter of Shua, the Canaanite. But Er, the firstborn of Judah, was evil in the sight of the Lord, and so he killed him. 4 Now Tamar, his daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Therefore, all the sons of Judah were five. 5 And the sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul. 6 Also, the sons of Zerah: Zimri, and Ethan, and Heman, as well as Calcol and Dara, five altogether. 7 The sons of Carmi: Achar, who disturbed Israel and sinned by the theft of what was anathema. 8 The sons of Ethan: Azariah. 9 And the sons of Hezron who were born to him: Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Chelubai. 10 Then Ram conceived Amminadab. And Amminadab conceived Nahshon, a leader of the sons of Judah. 11 Also, Nahshon conceived Salma, from whom Boaz rose up. 12 Truly, Boaz conceived Obed, who also himself conceived Jesse. 13 Now Jesse conceived the firstborn Eliab, the second Abinadab, the third Shammah, 14 the fourth Nethanel, the fifth Raddai, 15 the sixth Ozem, the seventh David. 16 Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. The sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, Joab, and Asahel, three. 17 And Abigail conceived Amasa, whose father was Jether, the Ishmaelite. 18 Truly, Caleb, the son of Hezron, took a wife named Azubah, of whom he conceived Jerioth. And her sons were Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon. 19 And when Azubah had died, Caleb took as wife Ephratha, who bore to him Hur. 20 Now Hur conceived Uri. And Uri conceived Bezalel. 21 And afterwards, Hezron entered to the daughter of Machir, father of Gilead. And he took her when he was sixty years old. And she bore to him Segub. 22 And then Segub conceived Jair, and he possessed twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead. 23 And he seized Geshur and Aram, towns of Jair, and Kenath and its villages, sixty cities. All these were sons of Machir, father of Gilead. 24 Then, when Hezron had died, Caleb entered to Ephratha. Also, Hezron had as wife Abia, who bore to him Ashhur, the father of Tekoa. 25 Now sons were born to Jerahmeel, the firstborn of Hezron: Ram, his firstborn, and Bunah, and Oren, and Ozem, and Ahijah. 26 Jerahmeel also married another wife, named Atarah, who was the mother of Onam. 27 Then too, the sons of Ram, the firstborn of Jerahmeel, were Maaz, Jamin, and Eker. 28 And Onam had sons: Shammai and Jada. And the sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur. 29 Truly, the name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail, who bore to him Ahban and Molid. 30 Now the sons of Nadab were Seled and Appaim. And Seled died without children. 31 Truly, the son of Appaim was Ishi. And Ishi conceived Sheshan. Then Sheshan conceived Ahlai. 32 But the sons of Jada, the brother of Shammai, were Jether and Jonathan. Then Jether also died without children. 33 And Jonathan conceived Peleth and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel. 34 Now Sheshan did not have sons, but only daughters, and an Egyptian servant named Jarha. 35 And so he gave to him his daughter as wife, who bore to him Attai. 36 Then Attai conceived Nathan, and Nathan conceived Zabad. 37 Also, Zabad conceived Ephlal, and Ephlal conceived Obed. 38 Obed conceived Jehu; Jehu conceived Azariah. 39 Azariah conceived Helez, and Helez conceived Eleasah. 40 Eleasah conceived Sismai; Sismai conceived Shallum. 41 Shallum conceived Jekamiah; then Jekamiah conceived Elishama. 42 And the sons of Caleb, the brother of Jerahmeel, were Mesha, his firstborn, who was the father of Ziph, and the sons of Mesha, the father of Hebron. 43 Now the sons of Hebron were Korah, and Tapuah, and Rekem, and Shema. 44 Then Shema conceived Raham, the father of Jorkeam. And Rekem conceived Shammai. 45 The son of Shammai was Maon, and Maon was the father of Bethzur. 46 Now Ephah, the concubine of Caleb, bore Haran, and Moza, and Gazez. And Haran conceived Gazez. 47 And the sons of Jahdai: Regem, and Jotham, and Geshan, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph. 48 And Maacah, the concubine of Caleb, bore Sheber and Tirhanah. 49 Then Shaaph, the father of Madmannah, conceived Sheva, the father of Machbenah, and the father of Gibea. Truly, the daughter of Caleb was Achsah. 50 These were the sons of Caleb, the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratha: Shobal, the father of Kiriath-jearim; 51 Salma, the father of Bethlehem; Hareph, the father of Bethgader. 52 Now there were sons for Shobal, the father of Kiriath-jearim, who saw half the places of rest. 53 And from the kindred of Kiriath-jearim: the Ithrites, and the Puthites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites. From these, the Zorathites and the Eshtaolites went forth. 54 The sons of Salma: Bethlehem, and the Netophathites, the crowns of the house of Joab, and half the places of rest of the Zorathites, 55 as well as the families of the scribes living in Jabesh, those singing and making music, and those dwelling in tents. These are the Kenites, who went forth from Calor, the father of the house of Rechab.
1 Chronicles · Catholic Public Domain Version
1 Chronicles 2 Catholic Public Domain Version
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
Notes on this text (3)
- Esther and Daniel are the Vulgate books (Esther 1–16 with the Greek additions as chapters 10:4–16; Daniel 1–14 with the Song of the Three, Susanna and Bel). Baruch 6 is the Letter of Jeremiah.
- The translator's footnotes, cross-references, chapter summaries and book introductions in the CrossWire module are not shown.
- No imprimatur; single translator.
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
Abigail
David's sister, mother of Amasa, who later commanded Absalom's army.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:16-17
Abihail
Wife of Abishur, who bore him Ahban and Molid.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:29
Abishur
Son of Shammai whose wife Abihail bore him Ahban and Molid.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:28; 1 Chronicles 2:29
Ahban
Ahijah
Listed fifth among the sons of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:25
Ahlai
Listed in the genealogy as a child of Sheshan, though the same passage says Sheshan had no sons, only daughters (the BSB renders verse 31 as 'the son of Sheshan').
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:31
Amminadab
His family rose to prominence in Judah around the time of the Exodus.
Cited in the guide: Exod. 6:23; Ruth 4:19-20; 1 Chron. 2:10; Matt. 1:4
Appaim
Son of Nadab and father of Ishi.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:30; 1 Chronicles 2:31
Ardon
Listed third among the sons of Azubah, wife of Caleb son of Hezron.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:18
Ashhur
Born to Hezron's wife Abijah after Hezron died and called the father of Tekoa (that is, the founder or head of that town's families); he had two wives, Helah and Naarah.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:24; 1 Chronicles 4:5
Atarah
Another wife of Jerahmeel, and the mother of Onam.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:26
Attai
Son born to Sheshan's daughter and her husband Jarha, and father of Nathan.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:35; 1 Chronicles 2:36
Azariah
Named as the son of Ethan, and so a grandson of Zerah, in the genealogy of Judah.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:8
Azariah
Son of Jehu and father of Helez in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:38; 1 Chronicles 2:39
Azubah
Wife of Caleb son of Hezron, whose sons were Jesher, Shobab and Ardon; after she died Caleb married Ephrath.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:18; 1 Chronicles 2:19
Boaz
The kind landowner of Bethlehem who redeemed and married Ruth the Moabite.
Cited in the guide: Ruth 2-4; 1 Chron. 2:11-12; Matt. 1:5
Bunah
Listed second among the sons of Jerahmeel, after the firstborn Ram.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:25
Calcol
Listed fourth among the five sons of Zerah, the son of Judah and Tamar.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:6
Caleb
Son of Hezron and brother of Jerahmeel who had children by his wife Azubah and by Jerioth, married Ephrath after Azubah died, and fathered more sons by his concubines Ephah and…
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:9; 1 Chronicles 2:18; 1 Chronicles 2:19
Carmi
A man of Judah, son of Zabdi, named as the father of Achan, who troubled Israel.
Cited in the guide: Joshua 7:1; Joshua 7:18; 1 Chronicles 2:7
Dara
Listed fifth among the five sons of Zerah, the son of Judah and Tamar.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:6
David
The shepherd who became Israel's greatest king and a man after God's own heart.
Cited in the guide: 1 Sam. 16 - 1 Kings 2; 2 Sam. 7; 1 Chron. 2:15; Matt. 1:6
Eker
Listed third among the sons of Ram, the firstborn of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:27
Elasah
Son of Helez and father of Sismai in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:39; 1 Chronicles 2:40
Elishama
Son of Jekamiah, the last name in the line traced from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:41
Ephah
Concubine of Caleb son of Hezron, and the mother of Haran, Moza and Gazez.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:46
Ephah
Listed fifth among the six sons of Jahdai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:47
Ephlal
Son of Zabad and father of Obed in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:37
Ethan
Listed second among the five sons of Zerah, and the father of Azariah.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:6; 1 Chronicles 2:8
Gazez
Son of Caleb by his concubine Ephah; the same verse also says Haran was the father of Gazez.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:46
Geshan
Listed third among the six sons of Jahdai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:47
Hamul
The second-listed son of Perez, who went to Egypt with Jacob's household and founded the Hamulite clan of Judah.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 46:12; Numbers 26:21; 1 Chronicles 2:5
Haran
Son of Caleb by his concubine Ephah, who is also called the father of Gazez.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:46
Hareph
Son of Hur, called the father of Beth-gader (a town).
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:51
Hebron
Named as the father of Korah, Tappuah, Rekem and Shema; the name is also that of a town in Judah.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:42; 1 Chronicles 2:43
Helez
Son of Azariah and father of Elasah in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:39
Heman
Listed third among the five sons of Zerah, the son of Judah and Tamar.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:6
Hezron
A son of Perez who carried Judah's royal line down into the years of Egypt.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 46:12; Ruth 4:18; 1 Chron. 2:5, 9; Matt. 1:3
Hur
Son of Caleb and Ephrath, called the firstborn of Ephrathah and the father of Bethlehem; he was the father of Uri, whose son was Bezalel, the craftsman of the tabernacle (Exodus…
Cited in the guide: Exodus 31:2; 1 Chronicles 2:19; 1 Chronicles 2:20
Ishi
Jada
Son of Onam and brother of Shammai, and father of Jether and Jonathan.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:28; 1 Chronicles 2:32
Jahdai
Man listed in Caleb's genealogy as the father of Regem, Jotham, Geshan, Pelet, Ephah and Shaaph; the text does not state his relation to Caleb.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:47
Jamin
Listed second among the sons of Ram, the firstborn of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:27
Jarha
Egyptian servant of Sheshan to whom Sheshan gave his daughter in marriage; she bore him Attai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:34; 1 Chronicles 2:35
Jehu
Son of Obed and father of Azariah in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:38
Jekamiah
Son of Shallum and father of Elishama in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:41
Jerahmeel
Firstborn son of Hezron and brother of Ram and Caleb, whose sons Ram, Bunah, Oren, Ozem and Ahijah are listed, along with Onam, born to his other wife Atarah.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:9; 1 Chronicles 2:25; 1 Chronicles 2:26
Jerioth
Named alongside Azubah as a woman by whom Caleb son of Hezron had children; the text says nothing more about her.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:18
Jesher
Listed first among the sons of Azubah, wife of Caleb son of Hezron.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:18
Jether
Jonathan
Son of Jada and father of Peleth and Zaza.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:32; 1 Chronicles 2:33
Jotham
Listed second among the six sons of Jahdai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:47
Korah
Listed first among the four sons of Hebron.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:43
Maacah
Concubine of Caleb son of Hezron, and the mother of Sheber, Tirhanah, Shaaph and Sheva.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:48
Maaz
Listed first among the sons of Ram, the firstborn of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:27
Maon
Son of Shammai, called the father of Beth-zur.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:45
Mesha
Firstborn son of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel, called the father of Ziph (a town of that name).
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:42
Molid
Moza
Nadab
Son of Shammai, brother of Abishur, and father of Seled and Appaim.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:28; 1 Chronicles 2:30
Nathan
Son of Attai and father of Zabad in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:36
Nethanel
A brother of David, named as the fourth son of Jesse in the Chronicler's record.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:14
Obed
Son of Boaz and Ruth, and grandfather of King David.
Cited in the guide: Ruth 4:13-22; 1 Chron. 2:12; Matt. 1:5; Luke 3:32
Obed
Son of Ephlal and father of Jehu in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:37; 1 Chronicles 2:38
Onam
Son of Jerahmeel by his wife Atarah, and father of Shammai and Jada.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:26; 1 Chronicles 2:28
Oren
Listed third among the sons of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:25
Ozem
A brother of David, named as the sixth son of Jesse in the genealogies.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:15
Ozem
Listed fourth among the sons of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:25
Pelet
Listed fourth among the six sons of Jahdai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:47
Peleth
Son of Jonathan, listed among the descendants of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:33
Perez
Born of Judah and Tamar, he became the head of the leading clan of Judah.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 38; Ruth 4:18; 1 Chron. 2:4-5; Matt. 1:3
Raddai
A brother of David, listed as the fifth son of Jesse in Chronicles.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:14
Raham
Son of Shema, called the father of Jorkeam.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:44
Ram
A little-known link in the chain, faithfully recorded between Hezron and Amminadab.
Cited in the guide: Ruth 4:19; 1 Chron. 2:9-10; Matt. 1:3-4; Luke 3:33
Ram
Firstborn of Jerahmeel, the firstborn of Hezron, and father of Maaz, Jamin and Eker.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:25; 1 Chronicles 2:27
Rechab
Named as the father of Jonadab, from whom the Rechabites descended.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 10:15; 2 Kings 10:23; 1 Chronicles 2:55
Regem
Listed first among the six sons of Jahdai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:47
Rekem
Listed third among the sons of Hebron and father of Shammai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:43; 1 Chronicles 2:44
Salma
Son of Hur, called the father of Bethlehem (that is, the head or founder of that town's families), whose descendants are listed as Bethlehem, the Netophathites, Atroth-beth-joab,…
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:51; 1 Chronicles 2:54
Segub
Son born to Hezron by the daughter of Machir, whom Hezron married at the age of sixty; he was the father of Jair.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:21; 1 Chronicles 2:22
Seled
Shaaph
Son of Caleb by his concubine Maacah, called the father of Madmannah (a town of that name).
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:49
Shaaph
Listed sixth among the six sons of Jahdai.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:47
Shallum
Son of Sismai and father of Jekamiah in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:40; 1 Chronicles 2:41
Shammai
Son of Onam and brother of Jada, and father of Nadab and Abishur.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:28; 1 Chronicles 2:32
Shammai
Son of Rekem and father of Maon.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:44; 1 Chronicles 2:45
Sheber
Shema
Listed fourth among the sons of Hebron and father of Raham.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:43; 1 Chronicles 2:44
Sheshan
Son of Ishi who had no sons, only daughters, and gave a daughter in marriage to his Egyptian servant Jarha.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:31; 1 Chronicles 2:34; 1 Chronicles 2:35
Sheva
Son of Caleb by his concubine Maacah, called the father of Machbenah and of Gibea (towns of those names).
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:49
Shobab
Listed second among the sons of Azubah, wife of Caleb son of Hezron.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:18
Shobal
Son of Hur, called the father of Kiriath-jearim (a town), with descendants including Haroeh, the clans of Kiriath-jearim and Reaiah.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:50; 1 Chronicles 2:52; 1 Chronicles 4:1
Sismai
Son of Elasah and father of Shallum in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:40
Tirhanah
Zabad
Son of Nathan and father of Ephlal in the line descended from Jarha and Sheshan's daughter.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:36; 1 Chronicles 2:37
Zaza
Son of Jonathan, listed among the descendants of Jerahmeel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:33
Zerah
The twin brother of Perez, born to Judah and Tamar, whose hand first reached out at birth.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 38:29-30; 1 Chronicles 2:4
Zeruiah
David's sister, mother of the mighty warriors Joab, Abishai, and Asahel.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:16; 2 Samuel 2:18
Zimri
Listed first among the five sons of Zerah, the son of Judah and Tamar.
Cited in the guide: 1 Chronicles 2:6
Cross references (33)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 Genesis 32:28; Revelation 7:5–8; Genesis 35:22–26; Genesis 49:2; Exodus 1:2–4
- 3 Genesis 38:2–10; Genesis 46:12; Numbers 26:19; 1 Chronicles 9:5
- 4 Matthew 1:3; Genesis 38:13–30; Nehemiah 11:24; Genesis 38:11; Ruth 4:18
- 5 Genesis 46:12; Ruth 4:18; Numbers 26:21; Matthew 1:3; Luke 3:33
- 6 1 Kings 4:31; Joshua 7:17–18; Joshua 7:1
- 7 Joshua 6:18; Joshua 7:25; Joshua 22:20; Joshua 7:1–5; Joshua 7:11–15
- 9 Matthew 1:3; 1 Chronicles 2:42; Ruth 4:19; Luke 3:3; 1 Chronicles 2:18–19
- 10 Matthew 1:4; Numbers 1:7; Ruth 4:19–20; Numbers 2:3; Luke 3:32–33
- 11 Ruth 4:21; Matthew 1:4–5; Luke 3:32
- 12 Isaiah 11:10; 1 Samuel 16:1; Romans 15:12; Ruth 4:22; Isaiah 11:1
- 13 1 Samuel 17:13; 1 Samuel 16:6–13; 1 Samuel 17:28; 1 Chronicles 27:18; 1 Chronicles 20:7
- 15 1 Samuel 17:12–14; 1 Samuel 16:10–11
- 16 1 Samuel 26:6; 2 Samuel 3:39; 2 Samuel 2:18–23; 2 Samuel 16:9–11; 2 Samuel 19:22
- 17 2 Samuel 17:25; 2 Samuel 20:4–12; 2 Samuel 19:13; 1 Kings 2:5; 1 Kings 2:32
- 19 1 Chronicles 2:50; 1 Chronicles 2:24; Micah 5:2; 1 Chronicles 4:4
- 20 Exodus 31:2; Exodus 36:1–2; 2 Chronicles 1:5; Exodus 37:1; Exodus 38:22
- 21 Numbers 27:1; Genesis 50:23; Deuteronomy 3:15; Numbers 26:29; Numbers 32:39–40
- 22 Numbers 32:41; Joshua 13:30; Deuteronomy 3:14
- 23 Numbers 32:41–42; Deuteronomy 3:14; 2 Samuel 13:38; Joshua 13:13; Joshua 13:30
- 24 1 Chronicles 4:5; 1 Samuel 30:14; 1 Chronicles 2:9; Amos 1:1; 2 Samuel 14:2
- 31 1 Chronicles 2:34–35
- 36 1 Chronicles 11:41
- 42 Hebrews 12:23; 1 Chronicles 2:49; Genesis 49:3; Nehemiah 7:25–38; 1 Chronicles 2:52
- 45 Joshua 15:58
- 46 1 Chronicles 2:48; 1 Chronicles 2:18–19
- 48 1 Chronicles 2:46; Genesis 25:5–6
- 49 Joshua 15:31; 1 Chronicles 2:42; 2 Samuel 21:6; Joshua 15:57; Isaiah 10:31
- 50 1 Chronicles 2:19–20; 1 Chronicles 2:53; 1 Chronicles 13:5–6; 1 Samuel 7:1; Joshua 15:9
- 51 1 Chronicles 4:4; Ruth 2:4; Matthew 2:6; John 7:42; Matthew 2:1
- 52 1 Chronicles 4:2
- 53 Judges 13:25; Judges 13:2; 2 Samuel 23:38; Joshua 15:33; 1 Chronicles 11:40
- 54 Nehemiah 7:26; Nehemiah 12:28; Ezra 2:22; 2 Samuel 23:29; Joshua 16:2
- 55 Judges 1:16; 2 Kings 10:15; Jeremiah 35:2–8; Judges 4:11; Jeremiah 35:19
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences