1 Then Jacob called for his sons and said, “Gather around so that I can tell you what will happen to you in the days to come: 2 Come together and listen, O sons of Jacob; listen to your father Israel. 3 Reuben, you are my firstborn, my might, and the beginning of my strength, excelling in honor, excelling in power. 4 Uncontrolled as the waters, you will no longer excel, because you went up to your father’s bed, onto my couch, and defiled it. 5 Simeon and Levi are brothers; their swords are weapons of violence. 6 May I never enter their council; may I never join their assembly. For they kill men in their anger, and hamstring oxen on a whim. 7 Cursed be their anger, for it is strong, and their wrath, for it is cruel! I will disperse them in Jacob and scatter them in Israel. 8 Judah, your brothers shall praise you. Your hand shall be on the necks of your enemies; your father’s sons shall bow down to you. 9 Judah is a young lion—my son, you return from the prey. Like a lion he crouches and lies down; like a lioness, who dares to rouse him? 10 The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his. 11 He ties his donkey to the vine, his colt to the choicest branch. He washes his garments in wine, his robes in the blood of grapes. 12 His eyes are darker than wine, and his teeth are whiter than milk. 13 Zebulun shall dwell by the seashore and become a harbor for ships; his border shall extend to Sidon. 14 Issachar is a strong donkey, lying down between the sheepfolds. 15 He saw that his resting place was good and that his land was pleasant, so he bent his shoulder to the burden and submitted to labor as a servant. 16 Dan shall provide justice for his people as one of the tribes of Israel. 17 He will be a snake by the road, a viper in the path that bites the horse’s heels so that its rider tumbles backward. 18 I await Your salvation, O LORD. 19 Gad will be attacked by raiders, but he will attack their heels. 20 Asher’s food will be rich; he shall provide royal delicacies. 21 Naphtali is a doe set free that bears beautiful fawns. 22 Joseph is a fruitful vine—a fruitful vine by a spring, whose branches scale the wall. 23 The archers attacked him with bitterness; they aimed at him in hostility. 24 Yet he steadied his bow, and his strong arms were tempered by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob, in the name of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel, 25 by the God of your father who helps you, and by the Almighty who blesses you, with blessings of the heavens above, with blessings of the depths below, with blessings of the breasts and womb. 26 The blessings of your father have surpassed the blessings of the ancient mountains and the bounty of the everlasting hills. May they rest on the head of Joseph, on the brow of the prince of his brothers. 27 Benjamin is a ravenous wolf; in the morning he devours the prey, in the evening he divides the plunder.” 28 These are the tribes of Israel, twelve in all, and this was what their father said to them. He blessed them, and he blessed each one with a suitable blessing. 29 Then Jacob instructed them, “I am about to be gathered to my people. Bury me with my fathers in the cave in the field of Ephron the Hittite. 30 The cave is in the field of Machpelah near Mamre, in the land of Canaan. This is the field Abraham purchased from Ephron the Hittite as a burial site. 31 There Abraham and his wife Sarah are buried, there Isaac and his wife Rebekah are buried, and there I buried Leah. 32 The field and the cave that is in it were purchased from the Hittites.” 33 When Jacob had finished instructing his sons, he pulled his feet into the bed and breathed his last, and he was gathered to his people.
Genesis · Majority Standard Bible
Genesis 49 Majority Standard Bible
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
Benjamin
Jacob's youngest, born as Rachel died giving him life.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 35:16–24; 49:27
Dan
First son of Bilhah, whose name means 'he has judged.'
Cited in the guide: Genesis 30:1–6; 49:16–18
Gad
First son of Zilpah, whose name speaks of good fortune.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 30:9–11; 49:19
Issachar
A son of Leah, likened to a strong donkey bearing its burden.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 30:14–18; 49:14–15
Jacob
He wrestled with God through the night and rose as Israel, father of twelve tribes.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 25–35; 46–49
Joseph
Betrayed and enslaved, he rose to rule Egypt and saved his family from famine.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 37; 39–50
Judah
The lion of the tribes, from whom kings and the Messiah would come.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 29:35; 38; 49:8–12
Naphtali
Second son of Bilhah, likened to a doe set free.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 30:7–8; 49:21
Reuben
Jacob's firstborn, who forfeited his standing by a grave offense.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 29:32; 35:22; 49:3–4
Simeon
A son of Leah whose fierce anger drew his father's rebuke.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 29:33; 34; 49:5–7
Zebulun
The last son of Leah, foretold to dwell by the seashore.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 30:19–20; 49:13
Cross references (32)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 Numbers 24:14; Jeremiah 23:20; Daniel 10:14; Deuteronomy 4:30; Revelation 4:1
- 2 Psalm 34:11; Proverbs 6:20; Proverbs 5:1; Proverbs 23:22; Proverbs 7:24
- 3 Psalm 78:51; Deuteronomy 21:17; Psalm 105:36; Genesis 29:32; 1 Chronicles 2:1
- 4 Genesis 35:22; 1 Chronicles 5:1; Deuteronomy 27:20; Deuteronomy 33:6; 1 Corinthians 5:1
- 5 Genesis 34:25–31; Genesis 29:33–34; Genesis 46:10–11; Proverbs 18:9
- 6 Genesis 34:30; Psalm 26:9; Psalm 16:9; Psalm 26:4–5; Psalm 64:2
- 7 1 Chronicles 4:24–31; Joshua 19:1–9; 1 Chronicles 6:65; 2 Samuel 13:15; Proverbs 26:24–25
- 8 Genesis 27:29; 1 Chronicles 5:2; Hebrews 7:14; Deuteronomy 33:7; Genesis 29:35
- 9 Numbers 24:9; Revelation 5:5; Numbers 23:24; Micah 5:8; Hosea 5:14
- 10 Numbers 24:17; Luke 1:32–33; Psalm 60:7; Isaiah 9:6; Isaiah 33:22
- 11 Isaiah 63:1–3; Revelation 7:14; Joel 3:18; 1 Kings 4:20; 1 Kings 4:25
- 13 Deuteronomy 33:18–19; Joshua 19:10–16; Genesis 30:20
- 14 1 Chronicles 12:32; Genesis 30:18; Deuteronomy 33:18; Joshua 19:17–23; Judges 5:15–16
- 15 2 Samuel 7:1; Joshua 14:15; Ezekiel 29:18; Judges 3:11; Matthew 23:4
- 16 Deuteronomy 33:22; Genesis 30:6; Judges 13:2; Judges 18:26–27; Numbers 10:25
- 17 Judges 18:22–31; 1 Chronicles 12:35; Judges 14:1–15
- 18 Psalm 119:174; Isaiah 25:9; Psalm 119:166; Micah 7:7; Psalm 130:5
- 19 1 Chronicles 5:11–22; Deuteronomy 33:20–21; Genesis 30:11; 1 Chronicles 3:18–22; 1 Chronicles 5:26
- 20 Deuteronomy 33:24–25; Genesis 30:13; Joshua 19:24–31; Genesis 46:17
- 21 Deuteronomy 33:23; Genesis 30:8; Joshua 19:32–39; Judges 4:10; Judges 5:18
- 22 Genesis 41:52; Psalm 128:3; Psalm 1:1–3; Joshua 16:1–10; Joshua 17:14–17
- 23 Genesis 37:24; Psalm 118:13; Psalm 64:3; Genesis 37:28; Genesis 37:4
- 24 Psalm 132:2; Psalm 132:5; Isaiah 28:16; Psalm 80:1; Job 29:20
- 25 Genesis 35:11; Genesis 28:13; Philippians 4:19; Deuteronomy 33:13–17; Deuteronomy 8:17
- 26 Deuteronomy 33:15–16; Habakkuk 3:6; Numbers 6:2; Isaiah 66:5; Genesis 27:39–40
- 27 Judges 20:21; Judges 20:25; Numbers 23:24; Ezekiel 22:27; Genesis 35:18
- 28 Esther 8:11; Revelation 7:4; Ezekiel 39:8–10; Numbers 23:24; 1 Kings 18:31
- 29 Genesis 47:30; Genesis 50:13; Genesis 15:15; Genesis 25:8–17; 2 Samuel 19:37
- 30 Genesis 23:16–18; Genesis 23:8–9; Genesis 23:20
- 31 Genesis 35:29; Genesis 25:9; Genesis 23:16–20; Acts 7:16; Genesis 47:30
- 32 Genesis 23:17–20
- 33 Genesis 49:29; Genesis 25:8; Genesis 35:29; Joshua 24:27–29; Hebrews 12:23
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences
What the Fathers said
Passages from the Church Fathers that expound or quote this chapter, verbatim from the public-domain Schaff edition (19th-century English translations).
How these were chosen
“Commentary” is the opening of a homily or exposition on this chapter (John Chrysostom’s homilies, Augustine’s tractates, sermons and expositions of the Psalms). “Quotes” are sentences where the edition’s own footnotes identify a quotation of a verse here, kept only when the wording matches the verse. Only works whose authorship is not in doubt are used. Psalms follow the Hebrew/English numbering (Augustine numbers them as the Septuagint does: his Psalm 50 is Psalm 51 here).
… sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until He come for whom it is reserved; and He shall be the desire of the nations, binding His foal to the vine, washing His robe in the blood of the grape." It is yours to make accurate inquiry, and ascertain up to whose time the Jews …
Salvation, indeed, as follows: "I have waited for Thy salvation, O Lord." And then again, Saviour: "Behold my God, my Saviour, I will put my trust in Him." But as bringing salvation, thus: "God hath made known His salvation (salutare) in the sight of the heathen." For He is indeed Saviour, as being the Son and Word of God; but …
Binding his foal unto the vine, and his ass's foal to the choice vine; he shall wash his robe in wine, and his clothes in the blood of the grape: his eyes are red with wine, and his teeth are whiter than milk." I have expounded these words in disputing against Faustus the Manichæan; and I think it is enough …
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 2 (1887)
… law of prophecy, that in many cases much that is spoken of one set of persons is fulfilled in another; of which kind is that which is said touching Simeon and Levi, "I will divide them," saith He, "in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel." And yet not in themselves did this come to pass, but in their descendants; and …
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 10 (1888)
… thy brethren praise, and afterwards, not to quote the whole, A prince shall not fail out of Judah, nor a ruler from his loins, until He come, for whom it is reserved; and He is the expectation, not of the Jews but of the Gentiles.
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 2, vol. 7 (1894)