1 Then David fled from Naioth in Ramah. He came to Jonathan and asked, “What have I done? What is my iniquity? How have I sinned against your father, that he wants to take my life?” 2 “Far from it!” Jonathan replied. “You will not die. Indeed, my father does nothing, great or small, without telling me. So why would he hide this matter from me? This cannot be true!” 3 But David again vowed, “Your father knows very well that I have found favor in your eyes, and he has said, ‘Jonathan must not know of this, or he will be grieved.’ As surely as the LORD lives and as you yourself live, there is but a step between me and death.” 4 Then Jonathan said to David, “Whatever you desire, I will do for you.” 5 So David told him, “Look, tomorrow is the New Moon, and I am supposed to dine with the king. Instead, let me go and hide in the field until the third evening from now. 6 If your father misses me at all, tell him, ‘David urgently requested my permission to hurry to Bethlehem, his hometown, because there is an annual sacrifice for his whole clan.’ 7 If he says, ‘Good,’ then your servant is safe, but if he is enraged, you will know he has evil intentions. 8 Therefore show kindness to your servant, for you have brought me into a covenant with you before the LORD. If there is iniquity in me, then kill me yourself; why should you bring me to your father?” 9 “Never!” Jonathan replied. “If I ever found out that my father had evil intentions against you, would I not tell you?” 10 Then David asked Jonathan, “Who will tell me if your father answers you harshly?” 11 “Come,” he replied, “let us go out to the field.” So the two of them went out into the field, 12 and Jonathan said, “By the LORD, the God of Israel, I will sound out my father by this time tomorrow or the next day. If he is favorable toward you, will I not send for you and tell you? 13 But if my father intends to bring evil on you, then may the LORD punish me, and ever so severely, if I do not tell you and send you on your way in safety. May the LORD be with you, just as He has been with my father. 14 And as long as I live, treat me with the LORD’s loving devotion, that I may not die, 15 and do not ever cut off your loving devotion from my household—not even when the LORD cuts off every one of David’s enemies from the face of the earth.” 16 So Jonathan made a covenant with the house of David, saying, “May the LORD hold David’s enemies accountable.” 17 And Jonathan had David reaffirm his vow out of love for him, for Jonathan loved David as he loved himself. 18 Then Jonathan said to David, “Tomorrow is the New Moon, and you will be missed, because your seat will be empty. 19 When you have stayed three days, hurry down to the place you hid on the day this trouble began, and remain beside the stone Ezel. 20 I will shoot three arrows to the side of it, as if I were aiming at a target. 21 Then I will send a boy and say, ‘Go, find the arrows!’ Now, if I expressly say to him, ‘Look, the arrows are on this side of you; bring them,’ then come, because as surely as the LORD lives, it is safe for you, and there is no danger. 22 But if I say to the young man, ‘Look, the arrows are beyond you,’ then you must go, for the LORD has sent you away. 23 And as for the matter you and I have discussed, the LORD is a witness between you and me forever.” 24 So David hid in the field, and when the New Moon had come, the king sat down to eat. 25 He sat in his usual place by the wall, opposite Jonathan and beside Abner, but David’s place was empty. 26 Saul said nothing that day because he thought, “Something has happened to David to make him ceremonially unclean—surely he is unclean.” 27 But on the day after the New Moon, the second day, David’s place was still empty, and Saul asked his son Jonathan, “Why hasn’t the son of Jesse come to the meal either yesterday or today?” 28 Jonathan answered, “David urgently requested my permission to go to Bethlehem, 29 saying, ‘Please let me go, because our clan is holding a sacrifice in the city, and my brother has told me to be there. So now, if I have found favor in your eyes, please let me go and see my brothers.’ That is why he has not come to the king’s table.” 30 Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of the mother who bore you? 31 For as long as the son of Jesse lives on this earth, neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Now send for him and bring him to me, for he must surely die!” 32 “Why must he be put to death?” Jonathan replied. “What has he done?” 33 Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him. So Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David. 34 Jonathan got up from the table in fierce anger and did not eat any food that second day of the month, for he was grieved by his father’s shameful treatment of David. 35 In the morning Jonathan went out to the field for the appointment with David, and a small boy was with him. 36 He said to the boy, “Run and find the arrows I shoot.” And as the boy ran, Jonathan shot an arrow beyond him. 37 When the boy reached the place where Jonathan’s arrow had fallen, Jonathan called to him, “Isn’t the arrow beyond you?” 38 Then Jonathan cried out, “Hurry! Make haste! Do not delay!” So the boy picked up the arrow and returned to his master. 39 But the boy did not know anything; only Jonathan and David knew the arrangement. 40 Then Jonathan gave his equipment to the boy and said, “Go, take it back to the city.” 41 When the young man had gone, David got up from the south side of the stone, fell facedown, and bowed three times. Then he and Jonathan kissed each other and wept together—though David wept more. 42 And Jonathan said to David, “Go in peace, for the two of us have sworn in the name of the LORD, saying, ‘May the LORD be a witness between you and me, and between your descendants and mine forever.’” Then David got up and departed, and Jonathan went back into the city.
1 Samuel · Majority Standard Bible
1 Samuel 20 Majority Standard Bible
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
David
The shepherd who became Israel's greatest king and a man after God's own heart.
Cited in the guide: 1 Sam. 16 - 1 Kings 2; 2 Sam. 7; 1 Chron. 2:15; Matt. 1:6
Cross references (37)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 2 Peter 2:9; 2 Corinthians 1:12; 1 John 3:21; 1 Samuel 12:3; 1 Samuel 24:9
- 2 John 17:8; 1 Samuel 9:15; Genesis 44:7; Joshua 22:29; 1 Samuel 14:45
- 3 Deuteronomy 6:13; 1 Samuel 27:1; 1 Samuel 25:26; 2 Kings 2:6; 1 Samuel 1:26
- 5 Numbers 10:10; 1 Samuel 19:2; Numbers 28:11; Psalm 81:3; Proverbs 22:3
- 6 1 Samuel 17:58; 1 Samuel 9:12; Deuteronomy 12:5; 1 Samuel 16:2–5; John 7:42
- 7 1 Samuel 25:17; Esther 7:7; Deuteronomy 1:23; 1 Samuel 20:9; 2 Samuel 17:4
- 8 1 Samuel 18:3; 2 Samuel 14:32; 1 Samuel 23:18; 1 Samuel 20:16; 1 Chronicles 12:17
- 9 1 Samuel 19:2; 1 Samuel 20:42; 1 Samuel 20:38
- 10 1 Samuel 20:30–34; Proverbs 18:23; Genesis 42:30; 1 Kings 12:13; 1 Samuel 25:17
- 12 Proverbs 25:2–3; Psalm 139:1–4; Psalm 17:3; Job 31:4; Joshua 22:22
- 13 1 Chronicles 22:11; Joshua 1:5; 1 Chronicles 22:16; Ruth 1:17; 1 Samuel 17:37
- 14 2 Samuel 9:3; Ephesians 5:1–2
- 15 2 Samuel 21:7; 2 Samuel 9:1–7; 1 Samuel 24:21
- 16 1 Samuel 25:22; 1 Samuel 18:3; 2 Samuel 4:7–8; 2 Samuel 21:8; Genesis 15:18
- 17 Proverbs 18:24; 1 Samuel 18:1; 1 Samuel 18:3; 2 Samuel 1:26; Deuteronomy 13:6
- 18 1 Samuel 20:5; 1 Samuel 20:25
- 19 1 Samuel 19:2; 1 Samuel 20:5
- 21 Jeremiah 4:2; Jeremiah 5:2; Amos 8:14; Jeremiah 12:16
- 22 1 Samuel 20:37
- 23 1 Samuel 20:42; 1 Samuel 20:14–15; Genesis 31:50; Genesis 16:5
- 24 Isaiah 1:11–15; Proverbs 17:1; Psalm 50:16–21; Proverbs 21:3; Proverbs 15:17
- 25 1 Samuel 20:18; Judges 16:20
- 26 Leviticus 15:5; Leviticus 11:24; Leviticus 11:27; Leviticus 7:20–21; Leviticus 11:40
- 27 1 Samuel 19:15; Matthew 13:55; 1 Samuel 25:10; Isaiah 11:1–2; 1 Samuel 22:7–9
- 28 1 Samuel 20:6
- 29 1 Samuel 17:28
- 30 Proverbs 21:24; James 1:19–20; Proverbs 14:29; Proverbs 19:12; Proverbs 15:2
- 31 1 Samuel 20:8; 1 Samuel 19:6; 1 Samuel 26:16; 1 Samuel 19:11–15; 2 Samuel 19:28
- 32 Matthew 27:23; 1 Samuel 19:5; Luke 23:22; Genesis 31:36; Proverbs 31:8–9
- 33 1 Samuel 20:7; 1 Samuel 18:11; 1 Samuel 19:10
- 34 Mark 3:5; Ephesians 4:26; Ecclesiastes 7:20
- 35 1 Samuel 20:19; 2 Samuel 20:5
- 36 1 Samuel 20:20–22
- 37 1 Samuel 20:22
- 38 Luke 17:31–32; Proverbs 6:4–5; Psalm 55:6–9; Matthew 24:16–18; Mark 13:14–16
- 41 Genesis 29:11; 1 Samuel 18:3; 2 Samuel 19:39; 2 Samuel 9:6; 1 Samuel 10:1
- 42 1 Samuel 1:17; 1 Samuel 23:18; 1 Samuel 20:22–23; Numbers 6:26; Luke 7:50
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences
What the Fathers said
Passages from the Church Fathers that expound or quote this chapter, verbatim from the public-domain Schaff edition (19th-century English translations).
How these were chosen
“Commentary” is the opening of a homily or exposition on this chapter (John Chrysostom’s homilies, Augustine’s tractates, sermons and expositions of the Psalms). “Quotes” are sentences where the edition’s own footnotes identify a quotation of a verse here, kept only when the wording matches the verse. Only works whose authorship is not in doubt are used. Psalms follow the Hebrew/English numbering (Augustine numbers them as the Septuagint does: his Psalm 50 is Psalm 51 here).
… have, between Me and you, or between Me and every living soul, and whatever suchlike expressions there are used, is found in the Greek to be, in the middle of Me and you, which is?na m?son. David also and Jonathan establish a sign between them, that they may not disagree with a difference of thought: and that which in Latin …
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 8 (1888)