Editorial journey

Passover and Christ

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The lamb, the blood on the doorposts and the unbroken bones of the first Passover, read with the death of Christ, "our Passover".

Written by HonestApologist's editors. The labels below are our own reading, checked against the Bible texts on this site; they are not part of the cross-reference dataset. Scripture in the notes and steps: King James Version (with Apocrypha). Old Testament steps can also be read in the Septuagint.

  1. Step 1: Exodus 12:3–7

    Each household takes a lamb without blemish, sacrifices it at evening and puts its blood on the doorposts.

    Exodus 12:3–7

    KJV

    3 ¶ Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth [day] of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of [their] fathers, a lamb for an house:

    4 And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take [it] according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.

    5 Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take [it] out from the sheep, or from the goats:

    6 And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.

    7 And they shall take of the blood, and strike [it] on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.
  2. Step 2: Exodus 12:12–13

    Editorial note A link of theme drawn by our editors. Connects to step 1

    The blood is a sign: "When I see the blood, I will pass over you." This is the Passover (Hebrew pesach). The Church still calls the feast of the Resurrection Pascha, from this word.

    Exodus 12:12–13

    KJV

    12 For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I [am] the LORD.

    13 And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye [are:] and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy [you], when I smite the land of Egypt.

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.

    Not listed in the cross-reference dataset.

  3. Step 3: Exodus 12:46

    Editorial note A link of theme drawn by our editors. Connects to step 1

    Not one bone of the Passover lamb may be broken. Numbers 9:12 repeats the command.

    Exodus 12:46

    KJV

    46 In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.

    Not listed in the cross-reference dataset.

  4. Step 4: Isaiah 53:7

    Editorial note A link of theme drawn by our editors. Connects to step 1

    The Servant of the Lord goes silently to his death, "brought as a lamb to the slaughter".

    Isaiah 53:7

    KJV

    7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.

    Not listed in the cross-reference dataset.

  5. Step 5: John 1:29

    Editorial note A link of theme drawn by our editors. Connects to step 1

    St John the Forerunner points to Jesus: "Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world."

    John 1:29

    KJV

    29 ¶ The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.

    Also in the cross-reference dataset (15 votes).

  6. Step 6: John 19:31–36

    Quotation The later text quotes the earlier one, often saying so ("that the scripture might be fulfilled"). Connects to step 3

    Jesus dies on the day of Preparation, and His legs are not broken, "that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken." St John does not name the passage. The words match the Passover law (Exodus 12:46; Numbers 9:12), and the Greek verb is the one in Psalm 34:20 (Psalm 33 in the Greek Psalter), where God keeps the bones of the righteous.

    John 19:31–36

    KJV

    31 The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and [that] they might be taken away.

    32 Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him.

    33 But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs:

    34 But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.

    35 And he that saw [it] bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.

    36 For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken.

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.
    The wording, checked against the texts on this site
    • John 19:36 (KJV): that the scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of him shall not be broken
    • Exodus 12:46 (KJV): neither shall ye break a bone thereof
    • John 19:36 (PT1904): οὐ συντριβήσεται
    • Psalm 33:21 (LXX): οὐ συντριβήσεται

    Also in the cross-reference dataset (20 votes).

  7. Step 7: 1 Corinthians 5:7–8

    Shared wording The later text repeats distinctive words of the earlier one. Both wordings are shown below. Connects to step 2

    St Paul says it plainly: "Christ our passover is sacrificed for us: therefore let us keep the feast."

    1 Corinthians 5:7–8

    KJV

    7 Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us:

    8 Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened [bread] of sincerity and truth.

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.
    The wording, checked against the texts on this site
    • 1 Corinthians 5:7 (KJV): Christ our passover is sacrificed for us
    • Exodus 12:11 (KJV): the LORD'S passover
    Orthodox and patristic reading

    “The mystery, then, of the lamb which God enjoined to be sacrificed as the passover, was a type of Christ”

    St Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 40. Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (tr. Marcus Dods and George Reith), via New Advent. Read the source

    Not listed in the cross-reference dataset.

  8. Step 8: 1 Peter 1:18–19

    Shared wording The later text repeats distinctive words of the earlier one. Both wordings are shown below. Connects to step 1

    St Peter speaks of our redemption "with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish", the wording of the Passover command in Exodus 12:5.

    1 Peter 1:18–19

    KJV

    18 Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, [as] silver and gold, from your vain conversation [received] by tradition from your fathers;

    19 But with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot:

    Open in the Bible readerKing James Version (with Apocrypha). Public domain.
    The wording, checked against the texts on this site
    • Exodus 12:5 (KJV): without blemish
    • 1 Peter 1:19 (KJV): a lamb without blemish

    Also in the cross-reference dataset (17 votes).