1 The following are the genealogies of the sons of Noah: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. They had sons born to them after the flood. 2 The sons of Japheth: Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras. 3 The sons of Gomer: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah. 4 The sons of Javan: Elishah, Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. 5 The descendants of these ancestors spread throughout the coastal areas, each group having their own language, with their families developing into different nations. 6 The sons of Ham: Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. 7 The sons of Cush: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. The sons of Raamah: Sheba and Dedan. 8 Cush was also the father of Nimrod, who set himself up as the first tyrant on earth. 9 He was a powerful fighter who defied the Lord; which is why there's the expression, “Like Nimrod, a powerful fighter who defied the Lord.” 10 His kingdom began in the cities of Babel, Erech, Akkad, and Calneh, all located in the land of Shinar. 11 From there he moved into Assyria and built the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah, 12 and Resen, which lies between Nineveh and the great city of Calah. 13 Mizraim was the father of the Ludites, the Anamites, the Lehabites, the Naphtuhites, 14 the Pathrusites, the Casluhites, and the Caphtorites (ancestors of the Philistines). 15 Canaan was the father of Sidon, his firstborn, and of the Hittites, 16 the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites, 17 the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites, 18 the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Later the Canaanite tribes spread out 19 and the territory of the Canaanites stretched from Sidon towards Gerar and all the way to Gaza, then towards Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, all the way to Lasha. 20 These were the sons of Ham according to their tribes, languages, lands, and nation. 21 Shem, whose older brother was Japheth, also had sons. Shem was the forefather of all the sons of Eber. 22 The sons of Shem: Elam, Asshur, Arphaxad, Lud, and Aram. 23 The sons of Aram: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash. 24 Arphaxad was the father of Shelah. Shelah was the father of Eber. 25 Eber had two sons. One was named Peleg, because in his time the earth was divided; the name of his brother was Joktan. 26 Joktan was the father of Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, 27 Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, 28 Obal, Abimael, Sheba, 29 Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. These were all sons of Joktan. 30 They lived in the land lying between Mesha to Sephar, in the hill country to the east. 31 These were the sons of Shem, according to their tribes, languages, lands, and nations. 32 These were all the tribes descended from Noah's sons, according to their genealogies and national groups. From these ancestors the different nations of the earth spread around the world after the flood.
Genesis 10 Free Bible Version
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
Abimael
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:28; 1 Chronicles 1:22
Almodad
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:26; 1 Chronicles 1:20
Amorite
Listed among those whom Canaan fathered in the Table of Nations (BSB: 'the Amorites'), a Canaanite clan.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:16; 1 Chronicles 1:14
Aram
A son of Shem and ancestor of the Arameans, the peoples of Syria.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:22-23
Arphaxad
Born two years after the flood, a link from Shem toward Abraham.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:22–24; 11:10–13
Ashkenaz
Listed first among the sons of Gomer in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:3; 1 Chronicles 1:6
Asshur
A son of Shem and ancestor of the Assyrians of the upper Tigris.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:22
Canaan
A son of Ham and ancestor of the Canaanites who peopled the Promised Land.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:6,15-19
Cush
A son of Ham and ancestor of the Cushites of Ethiopia and Nubia.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:6-8
Dedan
Listed with Sheba as a son of Raamah, Cush's son, in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:7; 1 Chronicles 1:9
Diklah
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:27; 1 Chronicles 1:21
Eber
The name behind the word 'Hebrew,' father of Peleg.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:24–25; 11:14–17
Elam
A son of Shem and ancestor of the Elamites east of Babylon, near Persia.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:22
Elishah
Listed first among the sons of Javan in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:4; 1 Chronicles 1:7
Gether
Listed among the sons of Aram in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:23; 1 Chronicles 1:17
Gomer
A son of Japheth and ancestor of northern peoples linked to the Cimmerians.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:2-3
Hadoram
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:27; 1 Chronicles 1:21
Ham
A son of Noah whose descendants filled the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 9:18–25; 10:6–20
Havilah
Listed among the sons of Cush in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:7; 1 Chronicles 1:9
Havilah
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:29; 1 Chronicles 1:23
Hazarmaveth
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:26; 1 Chronicles 1:20
Hul
Listed among the sons of Aram in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:23; 1 Chronicles 1:17
Japheth
A son of Noah, ancestor of the northern and coastland nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 9:18–27; 10:2–5
Javan
A son of Japheth and ancestor of the Greeks, known in Scripture as the Ionians.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:2,4
Jebusite
Listed among those whom Canaan fathered in the Table of Nations (BSB: 'the Jebusites'), a Canaanite clan.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:16; 1 Chronicles 1:14
Jerah
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:26; 1 Chronicles 1:20
Jobab
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:29; 1 Chronicles 1:23
Joktan
Eber's other son and the brother of Peleg, who was the father of the thirteen sons listed in Genesis 10:26-29.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:25; Genesis 10:26; Genesis 10:29
Kittim
Listed among the sons of Javan (BSB: 'the Kittites'), one of the maritime peoples that separated into their territories.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:4; 1 Chronicles 1:7
Lud
A son of Shem and ancestor of a people traditionally placed in Asia Minor.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:22
Madai
A son of Japheth and ancestor of the Medes of the Iranian plateau.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:2
Magog
A son of Japheth associated with the peoples of the far north.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:2
Mash
Listed last among the sons of Aram in Genesis 10:23 (the BSB reads 'Meshech' for this son in 1 Chronicles 1:17).
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:23; 1 Chronicles 1:17
Meshech
A son of Japheth associated with peoples of Asia Minor near Tubal.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:2
Mizraim
A son of Ham and ancestor of the Egyptians; his name is the Hebrew word for Egypt.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:6,13
Nimrod
A son of Cush, a mighty hunter before the LORD and founder of the first empire.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:8-12
Obal
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:28; 1 Chronicles 1:22
Ophir
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:29; 1 Chronicles 1:23
Peleg
In his days, Scripture says, the earth was divided.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:25; 11:16–19
Put
A son of Ham and ancestor of the peoples of Libya, west of Egypt.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:6
Raamah
Listed among the sons of Cush in the Table of Nations, and the father of Sheba and Dedan.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:7; 1 Chronicles 1:9
Riphath
Listed among the sons of Gomer in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:3; 1 Chronicles 1:6
Sabtah
Listed among the sons of Cush in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:7; 1 Chronicles 1:9
Sabteca
Listed last among the sons of Cush in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:7; 1 Chronicles 1:9
Seba
Listed first among the sons of Cush in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:7; 1 Chronicles 1:9
Sheba
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:28; 1 Chronicles 1:22
Sheba
Listed with Dedan as a son of Raamah, Cush's son, in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:7; 1 Chronicles 1:9
Shelah
A quiet link in the line from Shem to Eber and Abraham.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:24; 11:12–15
Sheleph
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:26; 1 Chronicles 1:20
Shem
Noah's blessed son, ancestor of the Semitic peoples and of Abraham.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 9:18–10:31; 11:10–26
Sidon
Canaan's firstborn son, listed first among the sons of Canaan in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:15; 1 Chronicles 1:13
Tarshish
Listed among the sons of Javan in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:4; 1 Chronicles 1:7
Tiras
A son of Japheth linked by tradition to seafaring peoples of the Aegean.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:2
Togarmah
Listed among the sons of Gomer in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:3; 1 Chronicles 1:6
Tubal
A son of Japheth linked to peoples of Asia Minor near the Black Sea.
Cited in the guide: Gen. 10:2
Uz
Listed first among the sons of Aram in the Table of Nations.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:23; 1 Chronicles 1:17
Uzal
Listed among the thirteen sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem through Eber.
Cited in the guide: Genesis 10:27; 1 Chronicles 1:21
Cross references (31)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 Genesis 2:4; Genesis 9:7; Matthew 1:1; Genesis 9:1; Genesis 9:19
- 2 Ezekiel 38:2; Ezekiel 38:6; Isaiah 66:19; 1 Chronicles 1:5–7; Revelation 20:8
- 3 Ezekiel 27:14; Jeremiah 51:27
- 4 Daniel 11:30; Numbers 24:24; Isaiah 23:12; Isaiah 23:1; Ezekiel 27:25
- 5 Zephaniah 2:11; Isaiah 42:4; Jeremiah 2:10; Jeremiah 25:22; Genesis 10:20
- 6 1 Chronicles 1:8–16; Psalm 106:22; Psalm 105:27; Genesis 9:22; Isaiah 11:11
- 7 Ezekiel 27:22; Ezekiel 27:15; 1 Kings 10:1; Genesis 2:11; Isaiah 21:13
- 8 Micah 5:6
- 9 2 Chronicles 28:22; Genesis 6:11; Genesis 27:30; Genesis 25:27; Genesis 13:13
- 10 Genesis 11:9; Genesis 11:2; Genesis 14:1; Micah 4:10; Isaiah 39:1
- 11 Micah 5:6; Jonah 1:2; Nahum 1:1; Psalm 83:8; Isaiah 37:37
- 13 Jeremiah 46:9; 1 Chronicles 1:11–12; Ezekiel 30:5
- 14 Jeremiah 47:4; 1 Chronicles 1:12; Amos 9:7; Deuteronomy 2:23; Jeremiah 44:1
- 15 Numbers 34:2–15; Exodus 34:11; 1 Chronicles 1:13; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 15:18–21
- 16 Zechariah 9:7; Judges 1:21; 2 Samuel 24:18
- 17 Genesis 34:2
- 18 2 Kings 17:24; 2 Kings 17:30; Isaiah 10:9; Ezekiel 27:8; 2 Samuel 8:9
- 19 Genesis 14:2; Genesis 19:24–25; Joshua 14:1–15; Hosea 11:8; Judges 16:1
- 20 Genesis 10:6; Genesis 11:1–9
- 21 Numbers 24:24; Genesis 11:10–26
- 22 Isaiah 66:19; Acts 2:9; Isaiah 21:2; Jeremiah 49:34–39; Genesis 9:26
- 23 Job 1:1; Jeremiah 25:20
- 24 Luke 3:35; Genesis 11:12–15
- 25 1 Chronicles 1:19; Genesis 10:32; Deuteronomy 32:8; Acts 17:26; Luke 3:35–36
- 26 1 Chronicles 1:20–28
- 27 1 Chronicles 1:20–28
- 28 1 Kings 10:1; Genesis 25:3; 1 Chronicles 1:20–28
- 29 1 Kings 9:28; Job 22:24; Psalm 45:9; 1 Samuel 15:7; 1 Kings 22:48
- 30 Numbers 23:7
- 31 Genesis 10:5; Genesis 10:20; Acts 17:26
- 32 Genesis 9:19; Acts 17:26; Genesis 10:1; Genesis 5:29–31; Genesis 10:25
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences
What the Fathers said
Passages from the Church Fathers that expound or quote this chapter, verbatim from the public-domain Schaff edition (19th-century English translations).
How these were chosen
“Commentary” is the opening of a homily or exposition on this chapter (John Chrysostom’s homilies, Augustine’s tractates, sermons and expositions of the Psalms). “Quotes” are sentences where the edition’s own footnotes identify a quotation of a verse here, kept only when the wording matches the verse. Only works whose authorship is not in doubt are used. Psalms follow the Hebrew/English numbering (Augustine numbers them as the Septuagint does: his Psalm 50 is Psalm 51 here).
For we read, "Unto Shem also, the father of all the children of Heber, the brother of Japheth the elder, were children born." This is the order of the words: And to Shem was born Heber, even to himself, that is, to Shem himself was born Heber, and Shem is the father of all his children.
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 2 (1887)
And unquestionably it is this which fulfills the promise I made, that it should appear why it is said of the sons of Heber, "The name of the one was Peleg, for in his days the earth was divided." For what can we understand by the division of the earth, if not the diversity of languages?
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 2 (1887)
… himself gave to his son this name Peleg, which means Division; because he was born when the earth was divided, that is, at the very time of the division, and that this is the meaning of the words, "In his days the earth was divided." For unless Heber had been still alive when the languages were multiplied, the language which …
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 2 (1887)