What does Scripture say about Tradition (paradosis)?
Leer en español"Tradition" translates the Greek paradosis, "that which is handed over". For the Orthodox, Holy Tradition is the life of the Holy Spirit in the Church: the apostolic faith handed on in Scripture, in worship, in the Creed and the councils, and in the Church's common life. Scripture is the heart of that Tradition, not a rival to it. The New Testament both commends apostolic traditions and warns against merely human ones, and both sides are shown here.
Hold the traditions, by word or by letter
Paul tells the Thessalonians to hold what they were taught "whether by word, or our epistle". The Greek word in 1 Corinthians 11:2 and 2 Thessalonians 2:15 is paradoseis, traditions, and Paul uses the technical language of receiving and delivering for both the Eucharist and the creed of the Resurrection.
15 So then, brothers, stand firm and hold the traditions which you were taught by us, whether by word or by letter.6 Now we command you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that you withdraw yourselves from every brother who walks in rebellion and not after the tradition which they received from us.2 Now I praise you, brothers, that you remember me in all things, and hold firm the traditions, even as I delivered them to you.23 For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread.1 Now I declare to you, brothers, the Good News which I preached to you, which also you received, in which you also stand, 2 by which also you are saved, if you hold firmly the word which I preached to you—unless you believed in vain. 3 For I delivered to you first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures,Guard the deposit
The faith was "once delivered unto the saints". It is a deposit to be kept by the Holy Spirit who dwells in us, not invented anew by each generation.
20 Timothy, guard that which is committed to you, turning away from the empty chatter and oppositions of what is falsely called knowledge,13 Hold the pattern of sound words which you have heard from me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. 14 That good thing which was committed to you, guard through the Holy Spirit who dwells in us.2 The things which you have heard from me among many witnesses, commit the same things to faithful men who will be able to teach others also.3 Beloved, while I was very eager to write to you about our common salvation, I was constrained to write to you exhorting you to contend earnestly for the faith which was once for all delivered to the saints.More than was written
The Gospels themselves say that Jesus did and taught far more than was written, including forty days of teaching after the Resurrection. The apostles also taught face to face.
30 Therefore Jesus did many other signs in the presence of his disciples, which are not written in this book; 31 but these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name.25 There are also many other things which Jesus did, which if they would all be written, I suppose that even the world itself wouldn’t have room for the books that would be written.12 Having many things to write to you, I don’t want to do so with paper and ink, but I hope to come to you and to speak face to face, that our joy may be made full.3 To these he also showed himself alive after he suffered, by many proofs, appearing to them over a period of forty days and speaking about God’s Kingdom.The Spirit guides the Church into all truth
The council of Jerusalem writes, "it seemed good to the Holy Ghost, and to us". Tradition is not a human archive but the Spirit's continuing guidance of the whole Church.
26 But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things, and will remind you of all that I said to you.12 “I still have many things to tell you, but you can’t bear them now. 13 However, when he, the Spirit of truth, has come, he will guide you into all truth, for he will not speak from himself; but whatever he hears, he will speak. He will declare to you things that are coming.28 For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to us, to lay no greater burden on you than these necessary things:15 but if I wait long, that you may know how men ought to behave themselves in God’s house, which is the assembly of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.Warnings against the traditions of men
Christ condemns traditions that make void the commandment of God, and Paul warns against "the tradition of men". Protestants cite these texts and 2 Timothy 3:16-17 for Scripture alone; the Orthodox reply that the issue is whose tradition, that Holy Scripture is itself the heart of Holy Tradition, and that the Church's Tradition never contradicts it.
5 The Pharisees and the scribes asked him, “Why don’t your disciples walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands?” 6 He answered them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written, ‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me. 7 They worship me in vain, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’ 8 “For you set aside the commandment of God, and hold tightly to the tradition of men—the washing of pitchers and cups, and you do many other such things.” 9 He said to them, “Full well do you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition. 10 For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother;’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 11 But you say, ‘If a man tells his father or his mother, “Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban,”’” that is to say, given to God, 12 “then you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother, 13 making void the word of God by your tradition which you have handed down. You do many things like this.”1 Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem, saying, 2 “Why do your disciples disobey the tradition of the elders? For they don’t wash their hands when they eat bread.” 3 He answered them, “Why do you also disobey the commandment of God because of your tradition? 4 For God commanded, ‘Honor your father and your mother,’ and, ‘He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.’ 5 But you say, ‘Whoever may tell his father or his mother, “Whatever help you might otherwise have gotten from me is a gift devoted to God,” 6 he shall not honor his father or mother.’ You have made the commandment of God void because of your tradition. 7 You hypocrites! Well did Isaiah prophesy of you, saying, 8 ‘These people draw near to me with their mouth, and honor me with their lips; but their heart is far from me. 9 And they worship me in vain, teaching as doctrine rules made by men.’”8 Be careful that you don’t let anyone rob you through his philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the elemental spirits of the world, and not after Christ.14 But you remain in the things which you have learned and have been assured of, knowing from whom you have learned them. 15 From infancy, you have known the holy Scriptures which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. 16 Every Scripture is God-breathed and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for instruction in righteousness, 17 that each person who belongs to God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work.The Fathers
- Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, Against Heresies 1.10.2
the Church, having received this preaching and this faith, although scattered throughout the whole world, yet, as if occupying but one house, carefully preserves it.
- Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, Against Heresies 3.4.1
since the apostles, like a rich man [depositing his money] in a bank, lodged in her hands most copiously all things pertaining to the truth
- Basil the Great, On the Holy Spirit, On the Holy Spirit 27.66
some we possess derived from written teaching; others we have received delivered to us in a mystery by the tradition of the apostles; and both of these in relation to true religion have the same force.
Related articles
Sources
- The Orthodox Faith, Vol. I: Tradition (Orthodox Church in America) — Orthodox understanding of Holy Tradition as the life of the Church.
- Westminster Confession of Faith (Orthodox Presbyterian Church edition) — Reformed Protestant statements cited for fairness: 1.6 and 1.9 (Scripture), 11.2 (faith the alone instrument of justification, yet never alone), 21.7 (the Lord's day as the Christian Sabbath).
Updated 2026-10-18