What does Scripture say about prayer for the departed?
Leer en españolThe Orthodox Church prays for those who have fallen asleep in Christ, asking Christ to give them rest "with the saints", "where sickness and sorrow are no more". This rests on the conviction that the departed are alive in God and that love in the one Body of Christ is not broken by death. Orthodoxy does not teach the Roman Catholic doctrine of purgatory as defined in the West, and many Protestants reject prayer for the dead altogether; the passages each side cites are shown here.
Alive to God
"He is not a God of the dead, but of the living: for all live unto him." Neither death nor life can separate us from the love of God in Christ, so the Church's love and prayer continue across death.
37 But that the dead are raised, even Moses showed at the bush, when he called the Lord ‘The God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.’ 38 Now he is not the God of the dead, but of the living, for all are alive to him.”25 Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will still live, even if he dies. 26 Whoever lives and believes in me will never die. Do you believe this?”7 For none of us lives to himself, and none dies to himself. 8 For if we live, we live to the Lord. Or if we die, we die to the Lord. If therefore we live or die, we are the Lord’s. 9 For to this end Christ died, rose, and lived again, that he might be Lord of both the dead and the living.38 For I am persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor things present, nor things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing will be able to separate us from God’s love which is in Christ Jesus our Lord.Judas Maccabeus prays for the fallen
Judas and his men pray and send an offering to Jerusalem for soldiers who died in sin, in hope of the resurrection. Second Maccabees belongs to the Old Testament of the Orthodox Church; Protestants do not accept it as Scripture, but even as history it shows Jews praying for the dead before Christ.
39 And upon the day following, as the use had been, Judas and his company came to take up the bodies of them that were slain, and to bury them with their kinsmen in their fathers' graves. 40 Now under the coats of every one that was slain they found things consecrated to the idols of the Jamnites, which is forbidden the Jews by the law. Then every man saw that this was the cause wherefore they were slain. 41 All men therefore praising the Lord, the righteous Judge, who had opened the things that were hid, 42 betook themselves unto prayer, and besought him that the sin committed might wholly be put out of remembrance. Besides, that noble Judas exhorted the people to keep themselves from sin, forsomuch as they saw before their eyes the things that came to pass for the sins of those that were slain. 43 And when he had made a gathering throughout the company to the sum of two thousand drachms of silver, he sent it to Jerusalem to offer a sin offering, doing therein very well and honestly, in that he was mindful of the resurrection: 44 for if he had not hoped that they that were slain should have risen again, it had been superfluous and vain to pray for the dead. 45 And also in that he perceived that there was great favour laid up for those that died godly, it was an holy and good thought. Whereupon he made a reconciliation for the dead, that they might be delivered from sin.Paul's prayer for Onesiphorus
Paul prays that the Lord grant Onesiphorus mercy "in that day" and greets his household rather than him. Many interpreters think Onesiphorus had died, which would make this a prayer for the departed; this is likely but not certain.
16 May the Lord grant mercy to the house of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain, 17 but when he was in Rome, he sought me diligently and found me 18 (the Lord grant to him to find the Lord’s mercy in that day); and in how many things he served at Ephesus, you know very well.19 Greet Prisca and Aquila, and the house of Onesiphorus.Mercy at the judgment
Some Fathers read Matthew 12:32 ("neither in the world to come") as implying that some sins may be forgiven after death; Roman Catholics cite 1 Corinthians 3:15 for purgatory. Orthodoxy uses these texts with restraint: it prays for the departed and trusts God's mercy without defining a place or process of temporal punishment.
32 Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him; but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it will not be forgiven him, either in this age, or in that which is to come.12 But if anyone builds on the foundation with gold, silver, costly stones, wood, hay, or straw, 13 each man’s work will be revealed. For the Day will declare it, because it is revealed in fire; and the fire itself will test what sort of work each man’s work is. 14 If any man’s work remains which he built on it, he will receive a reward. 15 If any man’s work is burned, he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved, but as through fire.13 For judgment is without mercy to him who has shown no mercy. Mercy triumphs over judgment.18 Because Christ also suffered for sins once, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring you to God, being put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the Spirit, 19 in whom he also went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20 who before were disobedient when God waited patiently in the days of Noah while the ship was being built. In it, few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water.6 For to this end the Good News was preached even to the dead, that they might be judged indeed as men in the flesh, but live as to God in the spirit.Texts cited against praying for the dead
Many Protestants argue that judgment follows death and that the great gulf cannot be crossed, so prayer can change nothing. The Orthodox do not deny the judgment; they pray as the Church always has, leaving the outcome to God, who hears the prayers of His people.
27 Inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once, and after this, judgment,22 The beggar died, and he was carried away by the angels to Abraham’s bosom. The rich man also died and was buried. 23 In Hades, he lifted up his eyes, being in torment, and saw Abraham far off, and Lazarus at his bosom. 24 He cried and said, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue! For I am in anguish in this flame.’ 25 “But Abraham said, ‘Son, remember that you, in your lifetime, received your good things, and Lazarus, in the same way, bad things. But here he is now comforted and you are in anguish. 26 Besides all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed, that those who want to pass from here to you are not able, and that no one may cross over from there to us.’8 We are courageous, I say, and are willing rather to be absent from the body and to be at home with the Lord. 9 Therefore also we make it our aim, whether at home or absent, to be well pleasing to him. 10 For we must all be revealed before the judgment seat of Christ that each one may receive the things in the body according to what he has done, whether good or bad.The Fathers
- Tertullian, De Corona (The Chaplet), De Corona 3
As often as the anniversary comes round, we make offerings for the dead as birthday honours.
- Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures (Mystagogical Lecture 5), Catechetical Lecture 23.9
Then on behalf also of the Holy Fathers and Bishops who have fallen asleep before us, and in a word of all who in past years have fallen asleep among us
- Augustine of Hippo, Enchiridion (Handbook on Faith, Hope and Love), Enchiridion 110
Nor can it be denied that the souls of the dead are benefited by the piety of their living friends, who offer the sacrifice of the Mediator, or give alms in the church on their behalf.
Related articles
Sources
- The Orthodox Faith, Vol. II: Funeral (Orthodox Church in America) — Describes the Orthodox funeral and memorial services, including the litany for the dead.
- The Orthodox Faith, Vol. IV: Death (Orthodox Church in America) — Orthodox teaching and prayers concerning death and the departed.
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1030-1032 (Vatican) — Roman Catholic teaching on purification after death (purgatory) and prayer for the dead, cited for comparison.
Updated 2026-10-18