What does Scripture say about salvation and theosis?
Leer en españolFor the Orthodox Church salvation is more than acquittal: it is union with God, healing of the whole person, and growth by grace into the likeness of Christ. The Fathers called this theosis or deification, summed up by St Athanasius: God became man so that man might become god, by grace and participation, never by nature. Scripture speaks of becoming partakers of the divine nature, being changed from glory to glory, and seeing God as He is.
Partakers of the divine nature
Peter says God's promises make us "partakers of the divine nature". We are being transformed into Christ's image "from glory to glory", and when He appears we shall be like Him.
3 seeing that his divine power has granted to us all things that pertain to life and godliness, through the knowledge of him who called us by his own glory and virtue, 4 by which he has granted to us his precious and exceedingly great promises; that through these you may become partakers of the divine nature, having escaped from the corruption that is in the world by lust.1 See how great a love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God! For this cause the world doesn’t know us, because it didn’t know him. 2 Beloved, now we are children of God. It is not yet revealed what we will be; but we know that when he is revealed, we will be like him, for we will see him just as he is.18 But we all, with unveiled face seeing the glory of the Lord as in a mirror, are transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from the Lord, the Spirit.29 For whom he foreknew, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brothers. 30 Whom he predestined, those he also called. Whom he called, those he also justified. Whom he justified, those he also glorified."Ye are gods"
Christ quotes Psalm 82, calling "gods" those to whom the word of God came. Theosis never means becoming another God or a god by nature, as in Latter-day Saint exaltation; it means sharing by grace in the life of the one God.
6 I have said, Ye are gods; and all [of you] children of the Most High.34 Jesus answered them, “Isn’t it written in your law, ‘I said, you are gods’? 35 If he called them gods, to whom the word of God came (and the Scripture can’t be broken), 36 do you say of him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world, ‘You blaspheme,’ because I said, ‘I am the Son of God’?20 “Not for these only do I pray, but for those also who will believe in me through their word, 21 that they may all be one; even as you, Father, are in me, and I in you, that they also may be one in us; that the world may believe that you sent me. 22 The glory which you have given me, I have given to them, that they may be one, even as we are one, 23 I in them, and you in me, that they may be perfected into one, that the world may know that you sent me and loved them, even as you loved me.In Christ, and Christ in us
Paul's language of union ("Christ liveth in me") and growth "unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ" is what the Fathers mean by deification.
20 I have been crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me. That life which I now live in the flesh, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself up for me.4 Remain in me, and I in you. As the branch can’t bear fruit by itself unless it remains in the vine, so neither can you, unless you remain in me. 5 I am the vine. You are the branches. He who remains in me and I in him bears much fruit, for apart from me you can do nothing.27 to whom God was pleased to make known what are the riches of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory.16 that he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, that you may be strengthened with power through his Spirit in the inner person, 17 that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith, to the end that you, being rooted and grounded in love, 18 may be strengthened to comprehend with all the saints what is the width and length and height and depth, 19 and to know Christ’s love which surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God.13 until we all attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, to a full grown man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ,Saved, being saved, and to be saved
Scripture speaks of salvation in past, present and future tenses. It begins as God's free gift received in faith and Baptism, continues in a life of cooperation with grace, and is completed in the age to come; Orthodox Christians therefore speak of salvation as a path rather than a single moment.
8 for by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, 9 not of works, that no one would boast. 10 For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared before that we would walk in them.18 For the word of the cross is foolishness to those who are dying, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.9 Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we will be saved from God’s wrath through him. 10 For if while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we will be saved by his life.11 Do this, knowing the time, that it is already time for you to awaken out of sleep, for salvation is now nearer to us than when we first believed.22 You will be hated by all men for my name’s sake, but he who endures to the end will be saved.12 So then, my beloved, even as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. 13 For it is God who works in you both to will and to work for his good pleasure.Forgiveness and the Cross
Union with God includes the forgiveness of sins, reconciliation and Christ's victory over death and the devil. Western theology has often focused on the courtroom images; Orthodoxy keeps them within the larger picture of healing and communion.
23 for all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God; 24 being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God sent to be an atoning sacrifice through faith in his blood, for a demonstration of his righteousness through the passing over of prior sins, in God’s forbearance; 26 to demonstrate his righteousness at this present time, that he might himself be just and the justifier of him who has faith in Jesus.18 But all things are of God, who reconciled us to himself through Jesus Christ, and gave to us the ministry of reconciliation; 19 namely, that God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, not reckoning to them their trespasses, and having committed to us the word of reconciliation. 20 We are therefore ambassadors on behalf of Christ, as though God were entreating by us: we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God. 21 For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.13 You were dead through your trespasses and the uncircumcision of your flesh. He made you alive together with him, having forgiven us all our trespasses, 14 wiping out the handwriting in ordinances which was against us. He has taken it out of the way, nailing it to the cross. 15 Having stripped the principalities and the powers, he made a show of them openly, triumphing over them in it.14 Since then the children have shared in flesh and blood, he also himself in the same way partook of the same, that through death he might bring to nothing him who had the power of death, that is, the devil, 15 and might deliver all of them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage.7 But if we walk in the light as he is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanses us from all sin.The Fathers
- Athanasius of Alexandria, On the Incarnation of the Word, On the Incarnation 54.3
For He was made man that we might be made God; and He manifested Himself by a body that we might receive the idea of the unseen Father
- Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, Against Heresies 5, Preface
the Word of God, our Lord Jesus Christ, who did, through His transcendent love, become what we are, that He might bring us to be even what He is Himself.
Related articles
Sources
- The Orthodox Faith, Vol. I: Man (Orthodox Church in America) — Orthodox teaching on the human person as free, made in God's image, called to become by grace what God is by nature.
- The Orthodox Faith, Vol. I: Incarnation (Orthodox Church in America) — Orthodox teaching on the Incarnation, the Theotokos, icons and deification.
- The Orthodox Faith, Vol. I: Redemption (Orthodox Church in America) — Orthodox teaching on Christ's saving work.
Updated 2026-10-18