1 Once there was a man from Ramathaim-zophim in the hill country of Ephraim. His name was Elkanah, son of Jeroham, son of Elihu, son of Tohu, son of Zuph, from the tribe of Ephraim. 2 He had two wives. The name of the first wife was Hannah, and the name of the second, Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none. 3 Every year Elkanah would leave his town and go to worship and sacrifice to the Lord Almighty at Shiloh, where Eli's two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were the Lord's priests. 4 Whenever Elkanah offered a sacrifice, he would give portions of it to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and daughters. 5 He would give an extra portion to Hannah, to show his love for her even though the Lord hadn't given her any children. 6 Her rival—the other wife—would taunt her badly to upset her because the Lord hadn't given her any children. 7 This went on for years. Whenever Hannah went to the Lord's Temple, Peninnah would taunt her until she cried and couldn't eat. 8 “Hannah, what are you crying for?” her husband Elkanah would ask. “Why don't you eat? Why are you so upset? Aren't I better to you than ten sons?” 9 One time when they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh, Hannah got up and went to the Temple. Eli the priest was sitting on his seat by the entrance to the Lord's Temple. 10 She was terribly upset, and prayed to the Lord as she cried and cried. 11 She made a vow, asking, “Lord Almighty, if only you would pay attention to the suffering of your servant and remember me, and not forget me but give me a son, then I will dedicate him to the Lord for his whole life, and no razor shall ever touch his head.” 12 As Hannah went on praying before the Lord, Eli watched her mouth. 13 Hannah was praying in her head, and though her lips were moving, her voice made no sound. Eli thought she must be drunk. 14 “Do you have to come here drunk?” he asked. “Get rid of your wine!” 15 “It's not that, my lord,” Hannah replied. “I'm a very miserable woman. I haven't been drinking wine or beer; I'm just pouring my heart out to the Lord. 16 Please don't think I'm a bad woman! I have been praying because of all my troubles and grief.” 17 “Go in peace, and may the God of Israel give you what you have asked him for,” Eli replied. 18 “Thank you for your kindness to your servant,” she said. Then she went on her way, had something to eat, and she didn't look sad any more. 19 Elkanah and Hannah got up early the next morning to worship the Lord, and then they went home to Ramah. Elkanah made love to his wife Hannah, and the Lord honored her request. 20 In due course she became pregnant and gave birth to a son. She named him Samuel, saying, “Because I asked the Lord for him.” 21 Elkanah and all his family went to make the yearly sacrifice to the Lord and to fulfill his vow. 22 But Hannah did not go. She told her husband, “Once the boy is weaned I will take him to be presented to the Lord and to remain there forever.” 23 “Do as you see fit,” her husband Elkanah replied. “Stay here until you have weaned him. May the Lord fulfill what he has said.” So Hannah stayed behind and nursed her son until she had weaned him. 24 When she had weaned him, Hannah took the boy with her, along with a three-year-old bull, an ephah of flour, and a wineskin containing wine. Even though the boy was young, she brought him to the Lord's Temple at Shiloh. 25 After they had slaughtered the bull, they presented the boy to Eli. 26 “Please, my lord,” said Hannah, “as surely as you live, my lord, I am the woman who stood here with you praying to the Lord. 27 I prayed for this boy, and since the Lord has given me what I asked him for, 28 now I'm giving him to the Lord. As long as he lives he will be dedicated to the Lord.” And he worshiped the Lord there.
1 Samuel 1 Free Bible Version
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
Eli
The priest at Shiloh who judged Israel forty years, blessed Hannah, took in the boy Samuel, failed to restrain his wicked sons, and died at ninety-eight when he heard the ark of…
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:3; 1 Samuel 1:9; 1 Samuel 2:22
Elkanah
An Ephraimite from Ramathaim-zophim with two wives, Hannah and Peninnah, who went up each year to worship and sacrifice at Shiloh and whose son by Hannah was Samuel. 1 Samuel 1:1…
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Samuel 1:3; 1 Samuel 1:19
Hannah
Elkanah's beloved but childless wife, who prayed at Shiloh for a son and vowed to dedicate him to the LORD, bore Samuel, and later bore three more sons and two daughters.
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 1:10; 1 Samuel 1:20
Hophni
A priest at Shiloh and son of Eli, who treated the LORD's offering with contempt and died the same day as his brother Phinehas when the ark of God was captured.
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:3; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Samuel 4:4
Jeroham
Jeroham is named as the son of Eliel in Heman's Kohathite ancestry (1 Chronicles 6:33-38).
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Chronicles 6:34
Peninnah
Elkanah's other wife, who had sons and daughters and year after year taunted the childless Hannah until she wept and would not eat.
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:2; 1 Samuel 1:4
Phinehas
A priest at Shiloh and son of Eli, who died on the day the ark of God was captured; his wife died in childbirth after naming their son Ichabod.
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:3; 1 Samuel 2:34; 1 Samuel 4:4
Samuel
Born to Hannah in answer to prayer and dedicated to the LORD at Shiloh, he was confirmed as a prophet, judged Israel all his life, anointed Saul and then David, and was buried at…
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:20; 1 Samuel 3:20; 1 Samuel 7:15
Zuph
Zuph is named as the son of Elkanah in Heman's Kohathite ancestry (1 Chronicles 6:33-38).
Cited in the guide: 1 Samuel 1:1; 1 Chronicles 6:35
Places
Shiloh
Shiloh housed the tabernacle and ark through the era of the judges. Hannah prayed and Samuel ministered here; its later ruin became a prophetic warning.
Cited in the guide: Joshua 18:1; 1 Samuel 1:3; Jeremiah 7:12
Cross references (28)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 1 Chronicles 6:34; 1 Chronicles 6:25–27; 1 Samuel 1:19; Ruth 1:2; Judges 17:1
- 2 Luke 1:7; Genesis 25:21; Judges 13:2; Genesis 29:23–29; Genesis 29:31
- 3 Luke 2:41; Deuteronomy 12:5–7; Joshua 18:1; Exodus 34:23; Exodus 23:14
- 4 Deuteronomy 12:17–18; Deuteronomy 16:11; Deuteronomy 12:5–7; Leviticus 7:15; Leviticus 3:4
- 5 Genesis 30:2; Genesis 29:30–31; Genesis 16:1; Genesis 20:18; Genesis 45:22
- 6 Job 6:14; Job 24:21; Leviticus 18:18
- 7 1 Samuel 2:19
- 8 Ruth 4:15; Job 6:14; Isaiah 54:6; Psalm 43:4; 1 Thessalonians 5:14
- 9 1 Samuel 3:3; Psalm 27:4; Psalm 5:7; 2 Samuel 7:2; Psalm 29:9
- 10 Job 7:11; Job 10:1; Luke 22:44; Psalm 91:15; Hebrews 5:7
- 11 Judges 13:5; Numbers 6:5; Genesis 29:32; Ecclesiastes 5:4; Psalm 25:18
- 12 1 Thessalonians 5:17; James 5:16; Luke 18:1; Luke 11:8–10; Ephesians 6:18
- 13 Romans 8:26; Genesis 24:42–45; Acts 2:13; Psalm 25:1; Zechariah 9:15
- 14 Ephesians 4:31; Proverbs 6:9; Job 22:23; Ephesians 4:25; Psalm 62:3
- 15 Psalm 62:8; Lamentations 2:19; Psalm 42:4; Psalm 143:6; Psalm 142:2–3
- 16 1 Samuel 2:12; Deuteronomy 13:13; Matthew 12:34–35; Job 10:1–2; Job 6:2–3
- 17 Mark 5:34; Judges 18:6; Psalm 20:3–5; 1 Samuel 25:35; 2 Kings 5:19
- 18 Ruth 2:13; Ecclesiastes 9:7; Romans 15:13; Genesis 33:15; Philippians 4:6–7
- 19 Genesis 30:22; Genesis 21:1; Genesis 4:1; 1 Samuel 1:11; Psalm 119:147
- 20 Genesis 41:51–52; Matthew 1:21; Exodus 2:10; Exodus 2:22; Genesis 30:6–21
- 21 1 Samuel 1:3; Deuteronomy 12:11; Joshua 24:15; Psalm 101:2; Genesis 18:19
- 22 1 Samuel 1:28; 1 Samuel 1:11; Luke 2:22; Deuteronomy 16:16; 1 Samuel 2:11
- 23 2 Samuel 7:25; Luke 11:27; Matthew 24:19; Isaiah 44:26; Psalm 22:9
- 24 Numbers 15:9–10; 1 Samuel 4:3–4; Joshua 18:1; Deuteronomy 12:5–6; Deuteronomy 12:11
- 25 Luke 18:15–16; Luke 2:22
- 26 2 Kings 2:6; 2 Kings 2:4; 2 Kings 4:30; 2 Kings 2:2; 1 Samuel 17:55
- 27 1 John 5:15; Psalm 66:19–20; Matthew 7:7; Psalm 118:5; Psalm 6:9
- 28 Genesis 24:26; Genesis 24:52; 1 Samuel 1:11; 2 Timothy 3:15; Genesis 24:48
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences
What the Fathers said
Passages from the Church Fathers that expound or quote this chapter, verbatim from the public-domain Schaff edition (19th-century English translations).
How these were chosen
“Commentary” is the opening of a homily or exposition on this chapter (John Chrysostom’s homilies, Augustine’s tractates, sermons and expositions of the Psalms). “Quotes” are sentences where the edition’s own footnotes identify a quotation of a verse here, kept only when the wording matches the verse. Only works whose authorship is not in doubt are used. Psalms follow the Hebrew/English numbering (Augustine numbers them as the Septuagint does: his Psalm 50 is Psalm 51 here).
… of no man, softly and noiselessly; those which arise from a certain depth of mind, those shed in anguish and in sorrow, those which are for God alone; such as were Hannah's, for "her lips moved," it is said, "but her voice was not heard;" however, her tears alone uttered a cry more clear than any trumpet.
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 10 (1888)
Since Moses too was pained, and prayed in this way and was heard; for this cause also God said unto him, "Wherefore criest thou unto me." And Hannah too again, her voice not being heard, accomplished all she wished, forasmuch as her heart cried out. But Abel prayed not only when silent, but even when dying, and his blood sent …
Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 10 (1888)