What does Scripture say about the divinity of Christ?
Leer en españolThe Church confesses Jesus Christ as "true God of true God; begotten, not made; of one essence with the Father". This confession rests on how the New Testament speaks of Him: He is called God, receives worship, forgives sins, and is given the name and works that the Old Testament reserves for the LORD. Other readers, ancient and modern, appeal to passages that speak of the Son's dependence on the Father; they are listed here too, with the Church's reading.
Jesus is called God
Thomas confesses "My Lord and my God", and Hebrews applies Psalm 45 to the Son: "Thy throne, O God". Honest note: in John 1:18 some early manuscripts read "only-begotten God" and others "only-begotten Son", and the punctuation of Romans 9:5 is debated; the case does not rest on any single verse.
1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.18 No one has seen God at any time. The only born Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, has declared him.28 Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!”13 looking for the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ,8 But of the Son he says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever. The scepter of uprightness is the scepter of your Kingdom.5 of whom are the fathers, and from whom is Christ as concerning the flesh, who is over all, God, blessed forever. Amen.1 Simon Peter, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, to those who have obtained a like precious faith with us in the righteousness of our God and Savior, Jesus Christ:He shares the name and works of the LORD
Paul applies to Jesus Isaiah's words about the LORD alone ("every knee shall bow"), and Revelation gives Him the title "the first and the last". The Son is the one through whom all things were created, not part of creation.
58 Jesus said to them, “Most certainly, I tell you, before Abraham came into existence, I AM.”14 And God spoke to Moses, saying, I am THE BEING; and he said, Thus shall ye say to the children of Israel, THE BEING has sent me to you.5 Have this in your mind, which was also in Christ Jesus, 6 who, existing in the form of God, didn’t consider equality with God a thing to be grasped, 7 but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men. 8 And being found in human form, he humbled himself, becoming obedient to the point of death, yes, the death of the cross. 9 Therefore God also highly exalted him, and gave to him the name which is above every name, 10 that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, those on earth, and those under the earth, 11 and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.22 Turn ye to me, and ye shall be saved, ye that [come] from the end of the earth: I am God, and there is none other. 23 By myself I swear, righteousness shall surely proceed out of my mouth; my words shall not be frustrated; that to me every knee shall bend, and every tongue shall swear by God,15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation. 16 For by him all things were created in the heavens and on the earth, visible things and invisible things, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All things have been created through him and for him. 17 He is before all things, and in him all things are held together. 18 He is the head of the body, the assembly, who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things he might have the preeminence. 19 For all the fullness was pleased to dwell in him, 20 and through him to reconcile all things to himself by him, whether things on the earth or things in the heavens, having made peace through the blood of his cross.1 God, having in the past spoken to the fathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways, 2 has at the end of these days spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, through whom also he made the worlds. 3 His Son is the radiance of his glory, the very image of his substance, and upholding all things by the word of his power, who, when he had by himself purified us of our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high,17 When I saw him, I fell at his feet like a dead man. He laid his right hand on me, saying, “Don’t be afraid. I am the first and the last, 18 and the Living one. I was dead, and behold, I am alive forever and ever. Amen. I have the keys of Death and of Hades.6 Thus saith God the King of Israel, and the God of hosts that delivered him; I am the first, and I am hereafter: beside me there is no God.He forgives sins and receives worship
The scribes rightly ask, "Who can forgive sins but God only?", and Jesus answers by healing the paralytic. The Lamb receives the same worship as the One on the throne.
5 Jesus, seeing their faith, said to the paralytic, “Son, your sins are forgiven you.” 6 But there were some of the scribes sitting there and reasoning in their hearts, 7 “Why does this man speak blasphemies like that? Who can forgive sins but God alone?” 8 Immediately Jesus, perceiving in his spirit that they so reasoned within themselves, said to them, “Why do you reason these things in your hearts? 9 Which is easier, to tell the paralytic, ‘Your sins are forgiven;’ or to say, ‘Arise, and take up your bed, and walk’? 10 But that you may know that the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins”—he said to the paralytic— 11 “I tell you, arise, take up your mat, and go to your house.” 12 He arose, and immediately took up the mat and went out in front of them all, so that they were all amazed and glorified God, saying, “We never saw anything like this!”33 Those who were in the boat came and worshiped him, saying, “You are truly the Son of God!”9 As they went to tell his disciples, behold, Jesus met them, saying, “Rejoice!” They came and took hold of his feet, and worshiped him.17 When they saw him, they bowed down to him; but some doubted.18 For this cause therefore the Jews sought all the more to kill him, because he not only broke the Sabbath, but also called God his own Father, making himself equal with God. 19 Jesus therefore answered them, “Most certainly, I tell you, the Son can do nothing of himself, but what he sees the Father doing. For whatever things he does, these the Son also does likewise. 20 For the Father has affection for the Son, and shows him all things that he himself does. He will show him greater works than these, that you may marvel. 21 For as the Father raises the dead and gives them life, even so the Son also gives life to whom he desires. 22 For the Father judges no one, but he has given all judgment to the Son, 23 that all may honor the Son, even as they honor the Father. He who doesn’t honor the Son doesn’t honor the Father who sent him.11 I looked, and I heard something like a voice of many angels around the throne, the living creatures, and the elders. The number of them was ten thousands of ten thousands, and thousands of thousands, 12 saying with a loud voice, “Worthy is the Lamb who has been killed to receive the power, wealth, wisdom, strength, honor, glory, and blessing!” 13 I heard every created thing which is in heaven, on the earth, under the earth, on the sea, and everything in them, saying, “To him who sits on the throne and to the Lamb be the blessing, the honor, the glory, and the dominion, forever and ever! Amen!” 14 The four living creatures said, “Amen!” Then the elders fell down and worshiped.The Son of Man and the high priest's verdict
Jesus identifies Himself with Daniel's heavenly Son of Man who receives an everlasting dominion, and His hearers understand the claim well enough to charge Him with blasphemy.
13 “I saw in the night visions, and behold, there came with the clouds of the sky one like a son of man, and he came even to the Ancient of Days, and they brought him near before him. 14 Dominion was given him, and glory, and a kingdom, that all the peoples, nations, and languages should serve him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion, which will not pass away, and his kingdom one that will not be destroyed.61 But he stayed quiet, and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, “Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?” 62 Jesus said, “I am. You will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of the sky.” 63 The high priest tore his clothes and said, “What further need have we of witnesses? 64 You have heard the blasphemy! What do you think?” They all condemned him to be worthy of death.30 I and the Father are one.” 31 Therefore the Jews took up stones again to stone him. 32 Jesus answered them, “I have shown you many good works from my Father. For which of those works do you stone me?” 33 The Jews answered him, “We don’t stone you for a good work, but for blasphemy, because you, being a man, make yourself God.”Passages cited against His full divinity
Arius used Proverbs 8:22 ("The Lord created me" in the Greek) and "firstborn of all creation"; Jehovah's Witnesses today use these and John 14:28. The Fathers answered that "firstborn" means pre-eminence, that the Father is "greater" as the source (cause) of the Son, or in respect of the humanity the Son took on, and that sayings of weakness or not-knowing belong to the Son as He became man for us.
28 You heard how I told you, ‘I am going away, and I will come back to you.’ If you loved me, you would have rejoiced because I said ‘I am going to my Father;’ for the Father is greater than I.32 “But of that day or that hour no one knows—not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father.22 The Lord made me the beginning of his ways for his works. 23 He established me before time [was] in the beginning, before he made the earth: 24 even before he made the depths; before the fountains of water came forth: 25 before the mountains were settled, and before all hills, he begets me. 26 The Lord made countries and uninhabited [tracts], and the highest inhabited parts of the world. 27 When he prepared the heaven, I was present with him; and when he prepared his throne upon the winds: 28 and when he strengthened the clouds above; and when he secured the fountains of the earth: 29 and when he strengthened the foundations of the earth: 30 I was by him, suiting [myself to him], I was that wherein he took delight; and daily I rejoiced in his presence continually. 31 For he rejoiced when he had completed the world, and rejoiced among the children of men.15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation.28 When all things have been subjected to him, then the Son will also himself be subjected to him who subjected all things to him, that God may be all in all.The Fathers
- Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Ephesians, Ephesians 7
There is one Physician who is possessed both of flesh and spirit; both made and not made; God existing in flesh; true life in death; both of Mary and of God
- Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to the Ephesians, Ephesians 18
For our God, Jesus Christ, was, according to the appointment of God, conceived in the womb by Mary, of the seed of David, but by the Holy Ghost.
- Athanasius of Alexandria, On the Incarnation of the Word, On the Incarnation 54.3
For He was made man that we might be made God; and He manifested Himself by a body that we might receive the idea of the unseen Father
Related articles
Sources
- The Orthodox Faith, Vol. I: Son of God (Orthodox Church in America) — Orthodox teaching on the Son's eternal divinity as confessed in the Creed.
- The Symbol of Faith (Orthodox Church in America) — English text of the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed quoted in the introduction.
- The Divine Liturgy in English and Spanish (fatheralexander.org) — Orthodox Spanish text of the Creed (Símbolo de la Fe) quoted in the Spanish introduction.
Updated 2026-10-18