1 Then the king summoned all the elders of Judah and Jerusalem. 2 He went to the Lord's Temple with all the people of Judah and Jerusalem, together with the priests and the Levites, all the people from the least to the greatest, and he read to them the whole Book of the Agreement that had been discovered in the Lord's Temple. 3 The king stood by the pillar and made a solemn agreement before the Lord to follow him and to keep his commandments, laws, and regulations with total dedication, and to observe the requirements of the agreement as written in the book. All the people entered into the agreement. 4 Then the king ordered Hilkiah the high priest, the priests of second rank, and the doorkeepers to remove from the Lord's Temple everything made for Baal, Asherah, and the worship of sun, moon, and stars. He burned them outside Jerusalem in the Kidron fields and took their ashes to Bethel. 5 He also dismissed the priests appointed by the kings of Judah to present burnt offerings on the high places of the towns of Judah and in the places all around Jerusalem, those who had sacrificed to Baal, to the sun and moon, to the constellations, and to all the powers of heaven. 6 He removed the Asherah pole from the Lord's Temple and took it to the Kidron Valley outside Jerusalem. He burned it there, ground it into dust, and threw its dust over the graves of the ordinary people. 7 He also demolished the quarters of the cult prostitutes that were in the Lord's Temple, where the women used to weave tapestries for the Asherah pole. 8 Josiah brought to Jerusalem all the priests from the towns of Judah and defiled the high places, from Geba to Beersheba, where the priests had sacrificed burnt offerings. He demolished the high places of the gates, near to the entrance of the gate of Joshua, the governor of the city, which was left of the town gate. 9 Though the priests of the high places did not serve at the altar of the Lord in Jerusalem, they did eat unleavened bread with their brother priests. 10 He defiled the Topheth altar in the Valley of Ben-hinnom so that no one could sacrifice his son or daughter in the fire to Molech. 11 He removed the horses that the kings of Judah had dedicated to the sun from the entrance to the Lord's Temple. They were in the courtyard near the room of a eunuch named Nathan-melech. Josiah also burned the chariots dedicated to the sun. 12 He demolished the altars that the kings of Judah had set up on the roof near the upper chamber of Ahaz, and the altars Manasseh had placed in the two courtyards of the Lord's Temple. The king smashed them to pieces and scattered them in the Kidron Valley. 13 The king also defiled the high places to the east of Jerusalem, to the south of the Mount of Corruption, the places which King Solomon of Israel had built for Ashtoreth, the vile goddess of the Sidonians, for Chemosh, the vile god of the Moabites, and for Molech, the vile god of the Ammonites. 14 He smashed the sacred stone pillars to pieces, chopped down the Asherah poles, and covered the places with human bones. 15 He also demolished the altar at Bethel, the high place set up by Jeroboam, son of Nebat, who had made Israel sin. Then he burned the high place, ground it to dust, and burned the Asherah pole. 16 As Josiah looked around he saw some tombs there on the hill. He had the bones taken from the tombs, and he burned them on the altar to defile it, just as the Lord had said through the man of God who had prophesied these things. 17 Then he asked, “Whose gravestone is this that I see?” “It's the tomb of the man of God who came from Judah and proclaimed exactly what you have done to the altar of Bethel,” the townspeople replied. 18 “Let him rest in peace,” said Josiah. “Don't anyone touch his bones.” So they left his bones undisturbed, together with the bones of the prophet who came from Samaria. 19 Josiah destroyed, just as he did at Bethel, all the shrines of the high places in the towns of Samaria that the kings of Israel had built that had angered the Lord. 20 Josiah slaughtered all the priests who were there at the high places on the altars, and burned human bones on them. Then he returned to Jerusalem. 21 The king sent out an order to all the people, “Observe the Passover of the Lord your God, as it is written in this Book of the Agreement.” 22 Such a Passover as this had not been observed from the days of the judges who ruled Israel on through all the days of the kings of Israel and Judah. 23 But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Passover was observed to honor the Lord in Jerusalem. 24 In addition, Josiah got rid of the mediums and spiritists, the household gods and idols, and all the disgusting practices that were present in the land of Judah and in Jerusalem. He did this to fulfill the words of the law written in the book that Hilkiah the priest had found in the Lord's Temple. 25 Never before was there a king like him who committed himself to the Lord in all his thoughts and attitudes, and with all his strength, keeping all the Law of Moses. There was no king like him afterwards either. 26 However, the Lord had not given up his furious hostility, which burned against Judah because of all that Manasseh had done to anger him. 27 So the Lord announced, “I'm also going to banish Judah from my presence, just as I banished Israel. I will abandon this city that I have chosen, Jerusalem, and the Temple regarding which I said, My name will be there.” 28 The rest of what happened in Josiah's reign, and all he did, are recorded in the Book of Chronicles of the Kings of Judah. 29 While Josiah was still king, Pharaoh Neco, king of Egypt, led his army to help the king of Assyria at the Euphrates River. King Josiah took his army to fight him at Megiddo, but when Neco saw Josiah he killed him. 30 His servants put his body in a chariot, brought him back from Megiddo to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own tomb. Then the people of the land chose Jehoahaz, son of Josiah, anointed him, and made him king in succession to his father. 31 Jehoahaz was twenty-three when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem for three months. His mother's name was Hamutal, daughter of Jeremiah. She came from Libnah. 32 He did what was evil in the Lord's sight, just as all his forefathers had done. 33 Pharaoh Neco imprisoned Jehoahaz at Riblah in the land of Hamath to stop him ruling in Jerusalem. He also imposed on Judah a tribute of one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold. 34 Pharaoh Neco made Eliakim, son of Josiah, king in succession to his father Josiah, and he changed Eliakim's name to Jehoiakim. Neco took Jehoahaz to Egypt, where he died. 35 Jehoiakim paid the silver and gold to Pharaoh Neco, but in order to meet Pharaoh's demand he taxed the land and required payment of the silver and the gold from the people, each in proportion to their wealth. 36 Jehoiakim was twenty-five when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem for eleven years. His mother's name was Zebidah, daughter of Pedaiah She came from Rumah. 37 He did evil in the Lord's sight, just as his forefathers had done.
2 Kings 23 Free Bible Version
Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings
People & places in this chapter
From this site's family tree and Bible maps, only where those guides cite this chapter.
People
Hamutal
Daughter of Jeremiah from Libnah, named as the mother of Jehoahaz and of Zedekiah, kings of Judah.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:31; 2 Kings 24:18; Jeremiah 52:1
Jehoahaz
Josiah's son, anointed king by the people of the land at twenty-three, who reigned three months before Pharaoh Neco imprisoned him at Riblah and carried him off to Egypt, where he…
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:30; 2 Kings 23:31; 2 Kings 23:33
Jehoiakim
Josiah's son Eliakim, made king by Pharaoh Neco who changed his name, who reigned eleven years, became Nebuchadnezzar's vassal for three years and then rebelled, and was succeeded…
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:34; 2 Kings 23:36; 2 Kings 24:1
Jeremiah
A man of Libnah named as the father of Hamutal, mother of King Zedekiah.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:31; 2 Kings 24:18; Jeremiah 52:1
Joshua
A governor of the city of Jerusalem, whose gate stood to the left of the city gate where Josiah tore down the high places of the gates.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:8
Josiah
The boy king who rediscovered the Law and led Judah's last great reform.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 22-23; 2 Chron. 34-35; Matt. 1:10-11
Nathan-melech
An official whose chamber stood near the court where Josiah removed the horses dedicated to the sun.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:11
Neco
Pharaoh and king of Egypt who marched to help the king of Assyria at the Euphrates, killed Josiah at Megiddo, imprisoned Jehoahaz, and made Eliakim king as Jehoiakim.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:29; 2 Kings 23:33; 2 Kings 23:34
Pedaiah
Named as the father of Zebidah, the mother of King Jehoiakim.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:36
Zebidah
Daughter of Pedaiah from Rumah and mother of King Jehoiakim of Judah.
Cited in the guide: 2 Kings 23:36
Cross references (36)
Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.
- 1 2 Chronicles 34:29–33; Deuteronomy 31:28; 2 Chronicles 29:20; 2 Chronicles 30:2; 2 Samuel 6:1
- 2 2 Kings 22:8; Deuteronomy 31:10–13; Revelation 20:12; Nehemiah 13:1; Nehemiah 8:1–8
- 3 2 Kings 11:14; 2 Kings 11:17; Deuteronomy 13:4; Joshua 24:24–25; Deuteronomy 8:19
- 4 2 Kings 21:7; 2 Kings 21:3; 2 Chronicles 33:3; 2 Kings 25:18; 1 Kings 16:31
- 5 Jeremiah 44:17–19; 2 Kings 21:3–4; Hosea 10:5; Jeremiah 8:1–2
- 6 2 Kings 23:15; 2 Chronicles 34:4; 2 Kings 10:27; Judges 3:7; Exodus 32:20
- 7 Ezekiel 16:16; 1 Kings 15:12; 1 Kings 14:24; Exodus 35:25–26; Genesis 19:4–5
- 8 1 Kings 15:22; Joshua 21:17; Isaiah 10:29; Genesis 26:23; Judges 20:1
- 9 Ezekiel 44:10–14; 1 Samuel 2:36; Malachi 2:8–9; Ezekiel 44:29–31
- 10 Jeremiah 19:6; Isaiah 30:33; Jeremiah 7:31–32; Leviticus 18:21; Jeremiah 32:35
- 11 Ezekiel 8:16; 2 Chronicles 34:4; 2 Kings 23:5; Deuteronomy 4:19; 2 Chronicles 14:5
- 12 Zephaniah 1:5; 2 Kings 21:5; Jeremiah 19:13; 2 Chronicles 33:5; 2 Chronicles 33:15
- 13 1 Kings 11:7; 1 Kings 11:5; Numbers 21:29; Judges 2:13; Judges 11:24
- 14 Exodus 23:24; Deuteronomy 7:5; 2 Kings 23:16; Micah 1:7; Numbers 33:52
- 15 2 Kings 23:6; 1 Kings 14:16; 2 Kings 10:31; 1 Kings 21:22; 1 Kings 12:28–13:1
- 16 1 Kings 13:1–2; 1 Kings 13:32; John 10:35; Matthew 24:35
- 17 1 Kings 13:1; 1 Kings 13:30–31
- 18 1 Kings 13:31; 1 Kings 13:1–22
- 19 2 Chronicles 34:6–7; Ezekiel 8:17–18; 2 Kings 17:9; 2 Kings 21:6; 1 Kings 13:32
- 20 2 Kings 11:18; 2 Chronicles 34:5; Exodus 22:20; 2 Kings 10:25; 1 Kings 13:2
- 21 Deuteronomy 16:1–8; Numbers 9:2–5; Numbers 28:16–25; 2 Chronicles 35:1–19; Exodus 12:3–20
- 22 2 Chronicles 35:3–19; 2 Chronicles 30:1–3; 2 Chronicles 30:13–20
- 24 Leviticus 19:31; Genesis 31:19; 2 Kings 21:6; Deuteronomy 18:10–12; Leviticus 20:27
- 25 2 Kings 18:5; Jeremiah 29:13; 1 Kings 8:48; Deuteronomy 6:5; John 1:17
- 26 2 Kings 24:4; 2 Kings 21:11–13; Jeremiah 15:1–4; 2 Kings 24:2; 2 Chronicles 36:16
- 27 2 Kings 18:11; 2 Kings 21:13; 2 Kings 21:4; 2 Kings 17:18; Jeremiah 33:24
- 28 2 Kings 20:20
- 29 Jeremiah 46:2; 2 Chronicles 35:20–24; Judges 5:19; Zechariah 12:11; 1 Kings 4:12
- 30 2 Kings 9:28; 2 Chronicles 36:1–4; 2 Kings 21:24; 2 Kings 14:21; 2 Chronicles 35:24
- 31 2 Kings 24:18; 1 Chronicles 3:15; Jeremiah 22:11
- 32 2 Kings 21:2–7; 2 Kings 21:21–22
- 33 2 Kings 25:6; 1 Kings 8:65; Jeremiah 52:26–27; Jeremiah 39:5–6; Jeremiah 52:9–10
- 34 Ezekiel 19:3–4; 1 Chronicles 3:15; 2 Kings 24:17; Jeremiah 22:11–12; Daniel 1:7
- 35 2 Kings 23:33; 2 Kings 15:19–20
- 36 2 Chronicles 36:5; Jeremiah 26:1; Jeremiah 1:3; 1 Chronicles 3:15
- 37 2 Chronicles 28:22–25; Jeremiah 36:31; Jeremiah 26:20–23; 2 Chronicles 33:22–23; 2 Chronicles 33:4–10
Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences