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Galatians · Catholic Public Domain Version

Galatians 4 Catholic Public Domain Version

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  • Catholic
  • OT: Latin Vulgate
  • NT: Latin Vulgate
  • Catholic (73 books)
  • Formal (word for word)
  • 2009
  • Public domain

Audio: World English Bible (WEB), read by Winfred W. Henson · About the recordings

Notes on this text (3)

1 But I say that, during the time an heir is a child, he is no different from a servant, even though he is the owner of everything. 2 For he is under tutors and caretakers, until the time which was predetermined by the father. 3 So also we, when we were children, were subservient to the influences of the world. 4 But when the fullness of time arrived, God sent his Son, formed from a woman, formed under the law, 5 so that he might redeem those who were under the law, in order that we might receive the adoption of sons. 6 Therefore, because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying out: “Abba, Father.” 7 And so now he is not a servant, but a son. But if he is a son, then he is also an heir, through God. 8 But then, certainly, while ignorant of God, you served those who, by nature, are not gods. 9 But now, since you have known God, or rather, since you have been known by God: how can you turn away again, to weak and destitute influences, which you desire to serve anew? 10 You serve the days, and months, and times, and years. 11 I am afraid for you, lest perhaps I may have labored in vain among you. 12 Brothers, I beg you. Be as I am. For I, too, am like you. You have not injured me at all. 13 But you know that, in the weakness of the flesh, I have preached the Gospel to you for a long time, and that your trials are in my flesh. 14 You did not despise or reject me. But instead, you accepted me like an Angel of God, even like Christ Jesus. 15 Therefore, where is your happiness? For I offer to you testimony that, if it could be done, you would have plucked out your own eyes and would have given them to me. 16 So then, have I become your enemy by telling you the truth? 17 They are not imitating you well. And they are willing to exclude you, so that you might imitate them. 18 But be imitators of what is good, always in a good way, and not only when I am present with you. 19 My little sons, I am giving birth to you again, until Christ is formed in you. 20 And I would willingly be present with you, even now. But I would alter my voice: for I am ashamed of you. 21 Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, have you not read the law? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons: one by a servant woman, and one by a free woman. 23 And he who was of the servant was born according to the flesh. But he who was of the free woman was born by the promise. 24 These things are said through an allegory. For these represent the two testaments. Certainly the one, on Mount Sinai, gives birth unto servitude, which is Hagar. 25 For Sinai is a mountain in Arabia, which is related to the Jerusalem of the present time, and it serves with her sons. 26 But that Jerusalem which is above is free; the same is our mother. 27 For it was written: “Rejoice, O barren one, though you do not conceive. Burst forth and cry out, though you do not give birth. For many are the children of the desolate, even more than of her who has a husband.” 28 Now we, brothers, like Isaac, are sons of the promise. 29 But just as then, he who was born according to the flesh persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, so also it is now. 30 And what does Scripture say? “Cast out the woman servant and her son. For the son of a servant women shall not be an heir with the son of a free woman.” 31 And so, brothers, we are not the sons of the servant woman, but rather of the free woman. And this is the freedom with which Christ has set us free.

Cross references (30)

Related passages for each verse, from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge as collected and ranked by readers at OpenBible.info.

  1. 1 Galatians 4:23; Galatians 4:29; Genesis 24:2–3
  2. 3 Colossians 2:20; Colossians 2:8; Galatians 4:9; Galatians 2:4; Galatians 4:31–5:1
  3. 4 Isaiah 7:14; Mark 1:15; Romans 1:3; John 1:14; Matthew 1:23
  4. 5 Hebrews 9:15; Ephesians 1:5; 1 Peter 1:18–20; Ephesians 1:7; Galatians 3:13
  5. 6 Romans 8:15–17; Romans 5:5; Romans 8:9; 2 Corinthians 3:17; Ephesians 2:18
  6. 7 Galatians 3:29–4:2; Romans 8:16–17; Galatians 3:26; 1 Corinthians 3:21–23; Galatians 4:5–6
  7. 8 1 Corinthians 8:4; 1 Thessalonians 1:9; 1 Thessalonians 4:5; Ephesians 2:11–12; 1 Corinthians 10:19–20
  8. 9 1 Corinthians 8:3; Galatians 3:3; Romans 8:3; 1 John 5:20; 2 Peter 2:20
  9. 10 Colossians 2:16–17; Romans 14:5; Leviticus 23:1–44; Numbers 28:1–29; Leviticus 25:13
  10. 11 1 Thessalonians 3:5; Philippians 2:16; 2 John 8; Galatians 2:2; Galatians 4:20
  11. 12 2 Corinthians 2:5; 1 Kings 22:4; 1 Corinthians 9:20–23; Genesis 34:15; Galatians 6:14
  12. 13 1 Corinthians 2:3; 2 Corinthians 12:7–10; 2 Corinthians 11:30; 2 Corinthians 10:10; Galatians 1:6
  13. 14 Matthew 10:40; 1 Thessalonians 2:13; Hebrews 13:2; 2 Samuel 19:27; 2 Corinthians 5:20
  14. 15 Romans 5:2; Colossians 4:13; 1 John 3:16–18; Romans 9:3; 1 Thessalonians 5:13
  15. 16 Amos 5:10; Proverbs 9:8; John 8:45; Galatians 5:7; Psalm 141:5
  16. 17 2 Corinthians 11:13–15; Romans 16:18; 2 Peter 2:3; Matthew 23:15; 1 Corinthians 4:8
  17. 18 Philippians 2:12; Revelation 3:19; Philippians 1:27; Psalm 119:139; 1 Corinthians 15:58
  18. 19 Ephesians 4:13; Romans 13:14; Romans 8:29; Ephesians 4:24; Colossians 4:12
  19. 20 1 Thessalonians 2:17–18; 1 Corinthians 4:19–21; 1 Thessalonians 3:9
  20. 21 Galatians 3:10; Romans 3:19; Matthew 22:29–32; Galatians 3:23–24; Galatians 4:9
  21. 22 Genesis 16:15; Genesis 21:10; Genesis 21:1–2; Genesis 16:2–4
  22. 23 Hebrews 11:11; Romans 9:7–8; Genesis 21:1–2; Genesis 18:10–14; Galatians 4:28–29
  23. 24 Genesis 21:9–13; Hosea 11:10; 1 Corinthians 10:11; Hebrews 10:15–18; Hebrews 12:24
  24. 25 Matthew 23:37; Galatians 1:17; Psalm 68:17; Psalm 68:8; Deuteronomy 33:2
  25. 26 Hebrews 12:22; Revelation 21:2; Philippians 3:20; Micah 4:1–2; Revelation 3:12
  26. 27 Isaiah 54:1–5; Psalm 113:9; Ruth 4:14–16; 1 Samuel 2:5; 1 Timothy 5:5
  27. 28 Galatians 4:23; Romans 9:8–9; Romans 4:13–18; Galatians 3:29; Acts 3:25
  28. 29 Genesis 21:9; Romans 8:13; Galatians 5:11; 1 Thessalonians 2:14–15; Galatians 4:23
  29. 30 Genesis 21:10–12; John 8:35; Romans 8:15–17; Galatians 3:22; Romans 4:3
  30. 31 Galatians 5:13; Galatians 5:1; John 8:36; John 1:12–13; 1 John 3:1–2

Cross references: OpenBible.info (CC BY), drawn mainly from the public-domain Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. · Sources & licences

What the Fathers said

Passages from the Church Fathers that expound or quote this chapter, verbatim from the public-domain Schaff edition (19th-century English translations).

How these were chosen

“Commentary” is the opening of a homily or exposition on this chapter (John Chrysostom’s homilies, Augustine’s tractates, sermons and expositions of the Psalms). “Quotes” are sentences where the edition’s own footnotes identify a quotation of a verse here, kept only when the wording matches the verse. Only works whose authorship is not in doubt are used. Psalms follow the Hebrew/English numbering (Augustine numbers them as the Septuagint does: his Psalm 50 is Psalm 51 here).

  1. Quotes verse 4:27 Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies (Book I, Chapters X–XI)

    … in what sense [God] says, "That is a people who was not a people; and she is beloved who was not beloved;" and in what sense He says that "more are the children of her that was desolate, than of her who possessed a husband." For in reference to these points, and others of a like nature, the apostle exclaims: …

    Read in context · Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (1885)

  2. Quotes verse 4:19 Augustine of Hippo, Confessions (Book IX, Chapters IX–X)

    For she had "been the wife of one man," had requited her parents, had guided her house piously, was "well-reported of for good works," had "brought up children," as often travailing in birth of them as she saw them swerving from Thee.

    Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 1 (1886)

  3. Quotes verse 4:4 John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of Matthew (Homily IV)

    For that He did come forth of the Virgin's flesh, He hath declared by speaking of "that which was conceived in her;" and Paul, by saying, "made of a woman;" whereby he stops the mouths of them that say, Christ came among us as through some conduit.

    Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 1, vol. 10 (1888)

  4. Quotes verse 4:4 Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures (Lecture XII)

    For God sent forth His Son, says Paul, not made of a man and a woman, but made of a woman only, that is of a virgin.

    Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 2, vol. 7 (1894)

  5. Quotes verse 4:7 Basil of Caesarea, On the Holy Spirit (Chapter V)

    … (di' ou) ye were called unto the fellowship of his Son," and "Paul an apostle of Jesus Christ by (dia) the will of God;" and again, "Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir through God." And "like as Christ was raised up from the dead by (dia) the glory of …

    Read in context · Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, series 2, vol. 8 (1895)